Understanding Obesity: Causes, Effects, and Treatment
What Happens if You Lose 10 kg?
- 15% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels
- 8% increase in HDL cholesterol
- Blood pressure decrease: For every 1% reduction in weight, blood pressure decreases 1-2mm Hg. This effect is amplified with exercise.
Objectives in Obesity Treatment
- Modest weight loss: Even 5-10% weight loss can significantly improve obesity-related complications.
- Weight maintenance: Focus on maintaining the achieved weight loss for long-term health benefits.
Options for Obesity Treatment and Control
Losing
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What is Obesity?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat to a level that impairs health.
Impact in Mexico
The 2006 National Health Survey of the Health Ministry reported:
- About 70% of the population over age 20 are overweight or obese.
- Of these, 30% meet the criteria for the diagnosis of obesity.
Etiology of Obesity
When energy intake exceeds expenditure, excess calories are deposited in adipose tissue. If this positive
Read MoreCommon Medical Conditions: Symptoms, Treatments, and Management
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis is the medical term for hardening of the arteries.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe.
Causes of Hypertension
- Gender: Men under 60 are more likely to have hypertension than women.
- Older age
- Race
- Genetics
- Overweight or obesity
Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Diabetes
- Use of non-nutritive sweeteners to replace sugar for calorie and carbohydrate control.
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon
Read MoreHealth Promotion Guidelines for Adults and the Elderly
Health Promotion in Adults and the Elderly
Adult Program (25-64 Years Old)
1A. Health Problems
Adult Health: Leading causes of death include violence, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and digestive diseases.
Morbidity: Common health issues include digestive diseases, trauma, musculoskeletal disorders, mental health disorders, and more. Chronic diseases and accidents are significant concerns for adults.
Levels of Prevention
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
1B. Program Objectives
- Reduce the number of people with
Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, and Androgenic Function Assessment
Glucocorticoid Function
A single determination of cortisol or ACTH in blood is of little use, as their levels vary throughout the day (peak episodic secretion, circadian changes, influence of stress, etc.).
If the sample is drawn in the morning at 8:00 AM without stress, plasma cortisol concentration is 10-25 µg/dL, while at night (11:00 PM) it is usually less than 6 µg/dL. The determination of ACTH in both petrosal sinuses may help lateralize the location of an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
Read MoreThe Essential Guide to Community Pharmacy in India
History of Community Pharmacy in India
British India Era
The roots of community pharmacy in India can be traced back to the British colonial period. During this time, the profession was primarily business-oriented, with practitioners referred to as “drug sellers” or “drug dispensers.” Scotch M. Bathgate established the first chemist shop in Kolkata in 1811, marking the inception of pharmacy practice in India. Pharmacy education under British rule commenced at Madras Medical School in December 1860,
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