Anthrax, Tetanus, Staphylococcus, and Cholera: Identification, Transmission, and Prevention
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Identification: The first infectious disease, Anthrax, is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive, aerobic bacterium that forms endospores and is encapsulated. It can be found in ordinary cultivars.
Transmission: Transmission of Anthrax typically occurs through contact with animals, inhalation, or ingestion of contaminated, uncooked meat.
Manifestations: Initially, cutaneous anthrax presents as a superficial, itchy lesion at the site of entry. This lesion becomes
Read MoreUnderstanding Diseases: Types, Causes, and Transmission
Diseases: An Overview
A disease is a disturbance of health, caused by physical or mental impairment, characterized by symptoms observed by the patient and doctor.
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases originate from the colonization of the body by pathogenic agents or vermin infestation.
Routes of Transmission
Infection spreads from sick to healthy individuals through direct or indirect transmission. Common routes include:
- Air: Talking, coughing, or sneezing (e.g., tuberculosis).
- Water: Contaminated
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Invasive Treatment & Natriuretic Peptide Tests
Indications for Invasive Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Phlegmasia
- Symptoms of IVC thrombosis
- Acute iliofemoral DVT
- Insert IV line into a vein
- Anesthesia is injected
- A small incision is made
- Guided X-ray, insert catheter via skin
- Contrast media injected
- X-ray is taken to find clot location
- Clot-dissolving drugs are given
- Catheter removed, pressure to stop bleeding
- Dressing is put on
- Daily examination of calves
- Anticoagulants
- Stay hydrated
- Bed rest
- Foot elevation
B-type Natriuretic Peptide
Bacterial Culture, Diseases, and Biotechnology Uses
Bacterial Culture Media, Mutation, and Strain
Bacteria can grow in artificial culture media, which serve to isolate and identify them. There are two types of culture media:
- Solid: Contains water, sodium chloride, proteins, and a solidifying substance called agar. The advantage of solid media is that it allows us to distinguish different bacterial colonies.
- Liquid: Contains water, sodium chloride, and proteins. In liquid media, bacteria grow uniformly.
Mutation and Strain: A mutation is an alteration
Read MoreMicrobiology Cheat Sheet: Key Concepts & Study Notes
Microbiology Cheat Sheet Prep
Finish by April 8th
5-10 Key Points/Notes for Each Week (Less if Including Pictures)
Please Use Only Information Directly from the Textbook
Chapter 13: Antimicrobial Control & Therapeutics
Sterilization vs. Disinfection
- Sterilization: Complete eradication of all viable microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Methods include:
- Autoclaving (high pressure and temperature)
- Pasteurization (moderate heat)
- Cold methods (refrigeration and freezing)
- Filtration
Sexually Transmitted Infections: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Syphilis
Syphilis is caused by the spirochete bacterium. It spreads through sexual contact, placental transfer, and blood. Symptoms include a painless but highly contagious sore or ulcer on the genitals, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. Advanced stages can manifest as skin problems, hepatitis, nervous system issues, or bone problems. Diagnosis is through the VDRL test. Treatment involves penicillin injections. Untreated syphilis can lead to heart and central nervous