Common Diseases by Body System
Male Reproductive System
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, accompanied by a reddening of the scrotum. Symptoms include local pain in the spermatic cord, heat on the swollen part, abdominal pain, fever, discharge from the penis, and difficulty urinating.
Prostate Cancer
The presence of symptoms is indicative of an advanced stage. Symptoms include:
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Urine retention
- Leakage
- Hematuria
Urinary System
- Renal Angiomyolipoma
- Renal Cancer
Gastrointestinal System
Normally, the lining
Read MoreInfectious Diseases: Treatment and Prevention
The AIDS virus multiplies in T cells, destroying and weakening the immune system.
Immune System Disorders
- Autoimmune Diseases: These occur when the immune system mistakenly recognizes some of our body’s molecules as foreign. Examples include multiple sclerosis, some types of diabetes, and lupus.
- Allergies: Occur when the immune system responds to antigens it should not respond to, such as pollen and dust mites.
Treatment of Infectious Diseases
Treatment of Bacterial Diseases
Diseases caused by bacteria
Read MoreChagas Disease, Listeria, and Campylobacter: An Overview
Chagas Disease, Listeria, and Campylobacter
Chagas Disease
Chagas’ Disease: The etiologic agent is Trypanosoma cruzi. The vector is the blood-sucking triatomine insect. The juvenile stages are epimastigotes and trypomastigotes (intestine). Transmission occurs through feces. In humans, trypomastigotes and amastigotes affect cells and transmit through the bloodstream as trypomastigotes, primarily in rural areas to the north.
Clinical Manifestations
The acute phase takes 20 to 30 days, often with no signs
Read MoreMicrobiology Q&A: Infections, Bacteria, Viruses & More
Cause of Strep Throat
- S. pyogenes, beta hemolytic, group A
Influenza Glycoproteins
From the outer envelope of influenza, the two glycoproteins are:
- Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
Why No Common Cold Vaccine?
Vaccine for the common cold is not feasible because:
- There are over 100 types of rhinoviruses
Coccidioidomycosis Characteristics
Which is true of coccidioidomycosis?
- It is a soil fungus AND a dimorphic fungus
Tubercle Bacillus Resistance
The resistance of tubercle bacillus to virulence factors is probably
Isolation Techniques in Healthcare: Types and Protocols
Isolation Techniques in Healthcare
Isolation Techniques: The objective is to isolate contagious patients to prevent the transmission of disease to healthy individuals (standard isolation). Isolating patients also prevents them from contracting immunodeficiency-related diseases (protective isolation).
These techniques primarily address the second step of the epidemiological chain, utilizing mechanical and chemical barriers.
Isolation Protocols
Rules: Follow the protocol specified for each case. Keep
Read MoreUnderstanding Biotic Potential, Ecosystems, and Components
The biotic potential is the maximum reproductive capacity of living organisms under ideal environmental conditions. It represents the highest possible vital index of a species, occurring when the species has the highest birth rate and the lowest mortality rate. Primary factors determining biotic potential include the organism’s rate of reproduction and its litter size – the number of offspring produced at one birth.
Under ideal environmental conditions, a species’ capacity to reproduce is known
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