Arnold Schoenberg and Joaquin Turina: Composers’ Legacies

Arnold Schoenberg (1871-1951)

Vienna. A key composer of the 20th century, representing a bridge between late Romantic language and the cerebral, atonal aesthetic of the new century. Largely self-taught, Schoenberg, along with Alban Berg and Anton Webern, developed the twelve-tone technique, forming the Second Viennese School. He was later exiled to the USA.

Schoenberg’s Four Periods

Tonal Period (1898-1908)

Early works with Romantic influences include:

  • Verklärte Nacht (Transfigured Night)
  • Gurre-Lieder:
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Musical Fundamentals: Education, Sound, and Perception

E. Fundamentals of Music

Fundamentals of Music: Valoreduc.musica: Education develops abilities: perception (hearing), speech (voice, body, instrument) and communication. It should be part of the comprehensive education of the person.

Real Artistic Education: Practice live performances. Sound lab.

Available to all: Non-gifted, gifted adults, children, and people with disabilities.

Freedom and creativity, spontaneity, imagination, creative process are most important, not just results.

Learning process:

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Traditional Music of Africa and the Maghreb

Regional Divisions of African Music

African music can be broadly divided into the following regions:

  • The Maghreb: The northern fringe of the continent, encompassing countries of Arabic culture, extending from Morocco to Egypt.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: The region south of the Sahara Desert. This can be further divided into three zones:
    • Western: The coast of Guinea, home to powerful kingdoms before European domination. A notable instrument is the kora.
    • Central: Occupied by countries like Zaire, Uganda, and
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Carlo Maderno: Key Architectural Achievements and Influences

Carlo Maderno: Architectural Achievements

Among the most important and influential works, we can point to the Collegiate Church of San Luis:

“They reinforce the corners of the facade of ashlar to rope and brand.

“The single door, highlighted by a curved pediment trim and molding that on reaching the doorway is widened to form the baroque Earmuffs on this simple shield over Flia shields. Ulloa that form a triangle with the window.

-Slats carried by the central thrusts of the vaults to the side with Herrera

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Music in Ancient Times: A Glimpse at History

Ancient Times: OG776BC, AG1000BC, JC55BC, WRE476AD, R11thCAD, G12thAD.

Culture in Ancient Times

Music in the Greek Civilization

In ancient Greece, music was present at important events in daily life: Weddings, Funerals, Religious ceremonies, Theatre, popular music, recitals of epic poetry.

Music and Philosophy

A number of ancient philosophers wrote about music, including Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle. Their work on music has played an important role in its development.

Music and Mythology

Music includes

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Spanish Baroque Sculpture: Characteristics, Schools, and Key Figures

Spanish Baroque Sculpture

Features of Spanish Baroque Sculpture

Spanish Baroque sculpture is characterized by:

  • Polychrome Wood: The primary material used, often painted in vibrant colors.
  • Religious Focus: Almost exclusively religious, serving the Counter-Reformation’s desire to evoke religious emotion.
  • Realism: An attempt to create lifelike representations, especially for processional use.
  • Limited Court Sculpture: Primarily the work of foreign artists, such as the equestrian statues of Philip III by John
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