Baroque Art and Culture: A 17th-18th Century Movement
Baroque Art and Culture
Baroque was a European cultural movement that developed during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was influenced by the religious tensions that divided Europe:
- In Catholic countries, new attitudes were expressed by an intense spirituality, which affected all areas of life.
- In Protestant countries, life was viewed in a more individualistic way. Economic success was highly valued.
Baroque Culture
All branches of culture flourished during the Baroque period:
- Art: Like Renaissance art,
Renaissance Music: Vocal and Instrumental Forms
Renaissance: Religious Vocal Music
The Renaissance period saw a division of the church. The following are the divisions:
- 1. The Lutheran Reformation: The Coral will be the hymn in his church. Simple to 4 voices in German text.
- 2. The Anglican Reformation: The Anthem will be his hymn in his church for 4 voices in English text.
- 3. Catholic Counter: Its hymn is Gregorian chant. Mass is a complex musical form. Liturgy joins the motet. The motet will be the most important text in Latin, which is a brief
Medieval Literature: Popular and Highbrow Traditions
During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, popular literature flourished as an anonymous, orally transmitted art form created by and for the people.
Popular Literature
- Narrative (in verse): Its purpose was to narrate events, awakening the interest of the people, entertaining, and informing.
- Lyric: The subject of popular poetry was varied, with compositions addressing the theme of love predominating.
Highbrow Literature
From the thirteenth century, a kind of scholarly literature written for nobles was
Read MoreRomantic Era Music: Characteristics, Composers, and Instruments
Romantic Era Music: Key Features
Romantic music features:
- Emotional expression and fantasy
- Rich modulations, harmonies, chromaticism, and dissonance
- Melody: Important, passionate, and lyrical
- Orchestra growth and complexity (especially wind instruments)
- New systems: leitmotif (obsession) or ring system (repetition and reappearance of an idea)
The Piano in the Romantic Era
The piano underwent significant technical changes, emphasizing fantasy, virtuosity, and loudness (scales, arpeggios, trills).
Piano music
Read MoreComposers and Musical Forms: Baroque, Classicism, and Romanticism
Leading Composers by Era
Baroque (1600-1750)
Notable Composers:
- Antonio Vivaldi (The Four Seasons)
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- George Frideric Handel
Classicism (1750-1820)
Notable Composers:
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Joseph Haydn
Romanticism (approx. 1830-1900)
Notable Composers:
- Frédéric Chopin (composed works for piano, including Op. 11 and Op. 21 concertos)
- Franz Schubert (took lessons with Salieri; composed over 600 lieder and 9 symphonies)
- Gioachino Rossini (operas: The Barber of Seville,
Spanish Opera and Zarzuela: A Historical Overview
Opera Romantica: A Historical Perspective
Antecedents (1800-1810)
Reborn after the 1799 law repeal, the activity operates mostly in the French operetta and then Italian styles. Pipes are made of pear. On the scene, about 35 works by Spanish operettas are highlighted, including works by M Garcia, Esteban Cristiani, and Narciso Paz. All in Castilian, these were comic operas following a structural model from the French romantic period. The second attempt to create a national opera and zarzuela coincided
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