Medieval Galician-Portuguese Lyric Poetry

The medieval Galician-Portuguese lyric was born from the confluence of two currents. On the one hand, the popular songs of oral tradition linked with agricultural tasks, dancing, and the various seasons of the year. On the other hand, the knowledge that, thanks to the existence of the road to Santiago, will be taking a literary fashion, “Troubadour Lyricism,” which had its center of influence in Provence, southern France. This confluence of indigenous popular poetry and Provençal literature was

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Musical Forms Through History: Troubadours to Lieder

1. Troubadour

The troubadours were poet-musicians of the Early Medieval period. They created secular songs performed in the vernacular. Their minstrels were of the lower class.

The troubadour movement originated in southern France in the 11th century and extended across Europe. The troubadours created a type of song that spoke of refined and cultured courtly love and praised the lady, the spirit of chivalry, and heroes of the Crusades. The language used was from the region itself rather than Latin

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Musical Genres: Jazz, Rock, Pop, Opera, and Folklore

Musical Genres

Jazz

This style emerged in the early twentieth century in New Orleans within the community of African slaves brought centuries ago. The African slaves had their own songs for work, in addition to religious songs and the greatest contribution to the birth of jazz: the blues.

From the interaction of these manifestations and European music tradition was born what we now know as jazz.

We can summarize the main characteristics of jazz as follows:

  • It is a style which mainly uses improvisation,
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Medieval and Renaissance Music History

Medieval Music

Instruments and Origins

  • Aulos: Associated with warship, wine, and Dionysus.
  • Lyre: Associated with Apollo.
  • Kithara: Associated with Helios.

Gregorian Chant

  • Texture: Monophonic
  • Syllabic: One syllable per note.
  • Neumatic: Two to four notes per syllable.
  • Melismatic: Five or more notes per syllable.
  • Characteristics:
    • Religious text written in Latin.
    • Monophonic texture.
    • No regular metric accent.
    • Vocal music without instruments.
    • Anonymous composers.

Secular Music (11th-13th Century)

  • Troubadours: Composer-poets
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Indian Classical Music: Ragas, Instruments, and Devotional Forms

Hindustani music places more emphasis on improvisation and *exploring* all aspects of a raga, while Carnatic music is primarily composition-based. The central notion in both of these systems is that of a melodic musical mode, or raga, sung to a rhythmic cycle, or tala. It is melodic music, with no concept of harmony. A raga (or raag) is a melodic framework for improvisation akin to a melodic mode in Indian classical music. While the rāga is a remarkable and central feature of the classical music

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Medieval Music: Instruments, Scores, and History

The Middle Ages

Chronology

The Middle Ages began in the late 5th century, coinciding with the fall of the Roman Empire and the expansion of Christianity.

Socially, Europe was divided into many small territories in conflict, where feudal lords dominated, and the Pope established monasteries and abbeys throughout Europe.

Culturally, activity was concentrated mainly in monasteries, where monks cultivated the arts and sciences.

Musically, minstrels and troubadours appeared in some courts, but religious music

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