Business Math Problems and Solutions

Chapter 1

11) For most products… d=800-10p

a) d=800-10(20)=600, d=800-10(70)= 100

b) d=800-10(26)=540, d=800-10(27)=260, d=800-10(68)=120, d=800-10(69)=110

c) TR=d*p, TR=800-10(p)

d) 800-10p^2, 800(30)-10(30)^2= 15000, 800(40)-10(40)^2= 16000, 800(50)-10(50)^2=15000

e) TR/p=d*p/p, d=tr/p, d=16000/40= 400 units

13) Micromedia offers…

a) 9600+120x

b) p=600x-(9600+120x)=480x-9600

c) 480(30)-9600=4800

d) p=480x-9600=0, x=20 students

15) Preliminary… TR=d*P, BE=R-(FC+VC), TR=300,000x

a) 300,000-(4,

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Advanced English Grammar: Emphasis, Negation, and Modal Verbs

Emphasis in English Grammar

Emphasis Techniques

Passive Voice: Reports are expected by the end of the school year.

Inversion: Little did I understand what was happening.

Expressing Annoyance: Martha is always getting into trouble.

Cleft Sentences with “It”: It was I who stopped the fight. It is the weather that drives me crazy.

Cleft Sentences with “What”: What we need is a good, long shower.

Exceptional Use of “Do”, “Did”, “Shall”, “One”, “So”, “Such”: Little did he know about it.

Adverbs for Emphasis:

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Understanding Ambiguity, Polysemy, and Homonymy in Language

The Double Scale: Saxon vs. Latin

In most cases, the native word is more spontaneous, informal, and unpretentious. There may be emotive differences: the Saxon term is apt to be warmer, homelier than its foreign counterpart, for example, bodily vs. corporeal, brotherly vs. fraternal, and inner vs. internal. Phonetically too, the latter tend to be longer than the native word, which has been subjected to the erosive effect of sound change. The influx of Graeco-Latin terms during the Renaissance introduced

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Lexicon: Structure, Word Formation, and Meaning Shifts

Lexicon: Structure, Word Formation, and Meaning

The lexicon is much more structured than dictionaries; it has links between phonological forms and meanings. It contains all signs whose meaning is not predictable, whether they are single morphemes, words, or combinations of words. It includes words, root morphemes, derived stems, irregular inflected forms, morphologically complex words, and idioms. Regular inflected forms are not included; their meanings are predictable given English morphology.

Openness

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Environmental Pollution and Sustainable Solutions

8.4. POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION. Alteration of a natural environment’s composition by introducing substances. Atmospheric pollution: Climate change: Increased greenhouse effect from emissions caused by oil combustion in industry and transportation. Ozone layer depletion: Caused by emissions of CFCs and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain: Precipitation of sulphuric and nitric acid from polluting gases. Water pollution: SalinizationBioaccumulation. Eutrophication: Increased nutrients in aquatic ecosystems,

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Semantic Change, Polysemy, Homonymy, and Word Formation in English

Change of Meaning: Causes, Nature, and Results

In the course of the development of the language, a great number of words change their meanings. There are some factors that bring about this semantic change. They are divided into two groups: linguistic causes and extra-linguistic causes.

Linguistic Causes

The first group includes changes related to linguistic causes. The most common form of these changes is ellipsis. In this case, a phrase made up of two words omits one of them, and its meaning is transferred

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