Management by Objectives (MBO): A Complete Guide
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Definition: Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic management model that emphasizes collaborative goal setting between employees and managers to improve overall organizational performance. Employees participate in setting their own objectives, understand the factors used to assess their performance, and are motivated to achieve desired targets.
Elements of an MBO System:
- Planning System: Aligns individual goals with the overall strategic plan.
- Organizational Structure:
Occupational Safety: Risk Factors, Prevention, and Techniques
1. Safety at Work: Factors Involved in Accidents
1.1. Working Conditions
Working Conditions are defined as the set of variables that determine the performance of a specific task and the environment in which it takes place. These variables influence the operator’s health in three dimensions targeted by the WHO.
The historical evolution of working conditions has been influenced by the concepts of work and health. The last century’s industrial revolution brought mechanization and the division of labor.
Read MoreCreative Thinking and Continuous Improvement for Enhanced Productivity
Creative Thinking
Thought
It is a fundamental activity of the brain and a complex form of cognitive behavior that only appears in a relatively advanced stage of development.
Creativity and Stimulation
Creativity requires at least three conditions:
- A new idea or response must be produced.
- This idea or response must solve a problem or achieve a certain goal.
- The original knowledge must be maintained and developed to the fullest.
Characteristics of the Creator
- Aggressive and dominant behavior
- High energy level
Understanding Strategic Management: Concepts, Levels, and Processes
Concept of Strategy
Defining Strategy
Andrews (1977): Strategy is the pattern of major objectives, purposes, or goals and essential policies and plans for achieving them. It defines the current and desired state of the company, specifying the business it operates in and aims to be.
Porter (1982): Formulating competitive strategy involves relating a company to its environment and taking offensive or defensive actions to create a defensible position against competitive forces.
Hax and Majluf (1996): Strategy
Read MoreAerodrome Separation and Approach Procedures
Aerodrome Separation
Adequate aerodrome separation can be achieved when:
- All aircraft are constantly in view of the aerodrome controller.
- In the case of two aircraft, each pilot has the other aircraft constantly in view and both report maintaining their own separation.
- An overtaking aircraft pilot reports having the other aircraft in sight and can maintain separation. Note: These provisions primarily apply to arriving aircraft when operationally beneficial.
Simultaneous Takeoffs
Simultaneous takeoffs
Read MoreInstrument Guidance and Data Acquisition in Topographic Surveying
Guidance from the station
The procedure to locate the origin of the equipment at O so that the 0G occupy a certain position, called the instrument guide and refer to them as we work with the instrument orientado.En this case has been placed as reading of the value of the azimuth reference to it from the point source. Observation of azimuthal directions can be performed from an arbitrary origin of the position of the 0g value of the equipment, or it may be an early indication of it to a reference