Organizational Structure and Decentralization: A Comprehensive Guide

Organizational Structure and Hierarchy

Chain of Command/Hierarchy of Authority

The chain of command refers to the levels of hierarchical authority within an organization. Its length depends on the span of control.

Span of Control

The span of control refers to the maximum number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a single supervisor.

Narrow Span of Control

A narrow span of control leads to a greater number of hierarchical levels and a longer chain of command. This results in a more clustered

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Organizational Structure and Decentralization: A Comprehensive Guide

Organizational Structure and Hierarchy

Chain of Command/Hierarchy of Authority

The chain of command refers to the levels of hierarchical authority within an organization. Its length depends on the span of control.

Span of Control

The span of control refers to the maximum number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a single manager.

Narrow Span of Control

  • Greater hierarchical levels
  • Lengthened chain of command
  • Clustered structures
Advantages
  • Release of management duties and greater access to
Read More

Organizational Structure and Decentralization: A Comprehensive Guide

Organizational Structure and Hierarchy

Chain of Command/Hierarchy of Authority

The chain of command refers to the levels of hierarchical authority within an organization. Its length depends on the span of control.

Span of Control

The span of control refers to the maximum number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a single manager.

Narrow Span of Control

A narrow span of control leads to a longer chain of command and a more clustered organizational structure.

Advantages of a Narrow Span of
Read More

Organizational Structure and Decentralization: A Comprehensive Guide

Organizational Structure and Hierarchy

Chain of Command/Hierarchy of Authority

The chain of command refers to the levels of hierarchical authority within an organization. Its length depends on the span of control.

Span of Control

The span of control refers to the maximum number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a single manager.

Narrow Span of Control

A narrow span of control leads to a greater number of hierarchical levels and a longer chain of command. This results in a more clustered

Read More

Organizational Structure and Design

Chain of Command/Hierarchy of Authority

The scale of levels of hierarchical authority existing in an organization. Its length depends on the extent of the span of control.

Span of Control

The maximum number of subordinates that can be placed under the jurisdiction of a person holding a managerial post who acts as their immediate superior.

Narrow Span of Control

  • Greater hierarchical level
  • Lengthens the chain of commands
  • Cluster structures
Advantages:
  • Release of management duties and greater access to them
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Fundamental & Technical Analysis: Valuation of Shares & Market Efficiency

ITEM 6: EVALUATION OF SHARES

FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS AND VALUATION OF ASSETS

Fundamental Analysis

Objective: Determine the intrinsic value of a financial asset.

Intrinsic Value: Present value of future cash flows generated by the asset, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate.

Aspects to Study in Fundamental Analysis

External Analysis:

Variables affecting the general environment, the economy, and the industry.

  • General Environment:
    • Economic scenario: Inflation, interest rates, GDP…
    • Social environment:
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