Business Systems: Classification, Analysis, and Structure

Classification of Business Systems

1. Production System: Manages and controls all transactions in the production or manufacturing process, including planning, scheduling, raw material control, and production costs.

2. Sales System: Based on business activity, including billing, collection, distribution channels, and marketing.

Billing and Collection

Billing

  • Control of product prices
  • Classification of goods
  • Issuance of budgets
  • Definition of payment terms
  • Control of customer orders
  • Issuance of invoices

Collection

  • Registration
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Understanding Software Development Life Cycles

What is Software Engineering?

Software engineering is the study and application of systematic, economical, and measurable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of high-quality software.

What is Software?

Software comprises computer programs and associated documentation.

Key Characteristics of Software Engineering

Software engineering focuses on software systems developed by teams, not individuals. These systems must meet user requirements, be maintainable, perform well, be reliable,

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Information Systems & Organizational Change: A Deep Dive

1. Four Types of Organizational Change Supported by IT

Automation

Automation improves employee efficiency and effectiveness. Early examples include automated payroll, instant access to client files for bank tellers, and nationwide airline reservation networks.

Process Structuring

Structuring often reveals bottlenecks and cumbersome procedures, leading to streamlined standard operating procedures.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

BPR analyzes, simplifies, and redesigns business processes, reorganizing

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Strategic Management: A Framework for Organizational Success

What is Strategic Management?

A strategy is a pattern or plan that integrates an organization’s major goals and policies. It allocates resources, creates order, and anticipates unforeseen changes or competitor actions. A genuine strategy is crucial when an opponent’s actions can significantly impact desired outcomes. Strategic decisions establish a company’s general direction and viability, achieving strategic goals through planning.

Purpose of Strategic Management

Strategic management defines a future

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Decision-Making: A Comprehensive Overview

What is Decision-Making?

Decision-making is the process of choosing between two or more alternatives.

Ingredients of a Decision

  • Information
  • Knowledge
  • Insight
  • Analysis
  • Opinion

Types of Decisions

  • Individual
  • General
  • Scheduled
  • Unscheduled
  • Decisions in conditions of certainty
  • Decisions in conditions of uncertainty

Elements of Decisions

  • Decision-making agents
  • Goals
  • Preferences
  • Strategies
  • Progress
  • Results

Qualities of a Decision

  • Experience
  • Sound Opinion
  • Creativity

Benefits of Decision-Making

  • Saves time, effort, and energy
  • Maintains
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Understanding Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Design and Structure

Introduction

When an organization grows, dividing labor and assigning tasks becomes essential. This division creates distinct parts within the organization, necessitating formal coordination mechanisms for optimal effectiveness and efficiency.

Defining Organization and Design

Organization: Represents the division of functions, hierarchical levels of authority, and relationships within an organization. It establishes units responsible for specific tasks.

Organizational

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