Forestry Calculations and Practices

Forestry Calculations

Harvesting Costs

Total Costs/SMH = (fixed costs) + (variable costs * UT%) + (labor cost)

Fixed Costs = (depreciation) + (II&T)
Depreciation = ((Purchase price) – (Purchase price * Salvage Value%)) / (Useful Life * SMH/year)
II&T = (II&T% * AVI) / (SMH/year)              M&R = (M&R% * Depreciation) / (Utilization%)
F&L = (Fuel Consumption * Fuel Price)(1 + Lube%)    Labor Costs = Wage rate(1 + Overhead & Fringe %)
Harvesting Cost($/ton) = (
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Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact on Business Models

Lesson 5: Disruptive Technologies

A) Blockchain

Blockchain is a public and distributed registry shared among all participants in a peer-to-peer network. Each block is linked to the previous one, making it impossible to edit one block without editing the following one, thus having no single point of failure.

a) Structural Features:

  • Distributed ledger
  • Consensus
  • Cryptography
  • Flexibility

b) Two Kinds of Blockchain:

  1. Permissionless or public blockchain
  2. Permissioned (public or private) blockchain

c) Blockchain Components:

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Construction Safety: Hazards, Prevention, and Best Practices

Construction Safety: Hazards, Prevention, and Best Practices

Ergonomic Hazards in Construction Safety

Ergonomic hazards can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) that can have a lasting impact on workers. Construction work often involves heavy lifting, repetitive motions, and awkward postures, which can all contribute to ergonomic hazards. Ergonomic hazards can cause consistent pain to workers, who often choose to work through that pain, but “working hurt” can not only lower productivity, but can

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Cost Optimization and Efficiency: Understanding Fixed, Variable, and Mixed Costs

Understanding the different types of costs is crucial for businesses seeking to optimize their operations and enhance efficiency. This article explores the key concepts of fixed, variable, and mixed costs, providing insights into their characteristics and implications for cost management.

1. Fixed Costs

Definition: Fixed costs are expenses that remain constant regardless of the level of production or sales within a certain range. These costs do not fluctuate with changes in output.

Examples: Rent,

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Water Disinfection: Methods, Design, and Management

Water Disinfection

Disinfection is the selective destruction or inactivation of pathogenic organisms. Sterilization, on the other hand, is the complete destruction of all organisms, which is not necessary in water treatment and is also quite expensive.

Methods of Water Disinfection

  1. Basic strategies: Keeping microbiota out of the water source.
  2. Physical methods:
    • Ultraviolet (UV) rays
    • Heat
  3. Chemical methods:
    • Iodine
    • Bromine
    • Base

Factors Influencing Disinfection Ability

  • Contact time

Disinfection Mechanisms

Disinfection

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