Modernism and the Generation of ’98: Literary Transformations in Spain
Modernism (Late 19th Century): A loss of confidence in progress and science arose, as they failed to solve problems or offer absolute truths. This general, artistic, and cultural crisis reflected an attitude of artists reacting against bourgeois utilitarianism, particularly in Latin America with its anti-imperialist sentiment.
Influences:
- Parnassianism: Pursued the expression of beauty and formal perfection.
- Symbolism: Aimed to suggest hidden truths through symbols. It emphasized the beauty of objects
Modernism and the Generation of ’98 in Literature
Modernism and the Generation of ’98
For a long time, attempts have been made to explain early 20th-century literature summarily and schematically, contrasting two movements or groups: Modernism and the Generation of 1898.
The Generation of ’98
The term “Generation of ’98” is a concept proposed by Azorín to refer to a group of *fin de siècle* writers like M. Unamuno, Pío Baroja, and R. Maetzu. They shared an aesthetic background and expressed a worldview, but its main purpose is to reflect the loss
Read MoreLa Celestina: Authorship, Genre, Love, and Characters Analysis
La Celestina: Authorship and Context
It is now widely accepted that acts II to XXI of La Celestina were written by Fernando de Rojas, while the first act may have been authored by Rodrigo Cota.
Genre: Drama or Novel?
Some critics classify La Celestina as a drama because it primarily consists of dialogue between characters, lacking a traditional narrator. Others consider it a novel in dialogue, realistically parodying the sentimental novel genre. La Celestina is situated within the context of humanistic
Read MoreFrench Literature: From the Pléiade to Baudelaire
The French Pléiade
The Pléiade was a group of seven sixteenth-century French poets gathered around Pierre de Ronsard. One of the characteristics of this group is that there were poets such as Scève Maurice (Louise Labe Pernette Du Guillet). Since 1547, a number of young fans of the Greco “America went to the famous humanist Dorat courses in the College of Coqueret in Paris. Among them were Ronsard and Du Bellay BAIF studying the great classical masters under the new prism of humanism. At the request
Read MoreLiterary Vanguards, Existential Narrative, and Generation of ’27
Literary Vanguards
The Vanguards arose in the 20th century, at the end of World War I. They were fractious against the established culture and bourgeois morality, and they despised the crowd. They stood out for their attitude towards their products. Through art, they created their own rules and their own worlds. They created a frivolous art, oblivious to the social. R. Gomez de la Serna, creator of the greguerias, is emphasized.
Different Movements
Futurism
T. Marinetti advocated overcoming traditional
Read MoreThe Enlightenment and Romanticism: Key Literary Movements
The Enlightenment in the 18th Century
The Enlightenment was an ideological and cultural movement in the 18th century that championed reason. Its core features included rationalism, reformism, idealism, and didacticism. Cultural trends included:
- Posbarroquismo: Extravagant art lacking substance.
- Pre-romanticism: Values of fraternity and emotional expression.
- Neoclassical art: Adherence to established rules.
The encyclopedic spirit significantly impacted literature, emphasizing teaching and making essays
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