The State and Sovereignty in Political Science
Functions and Nature of the State
In political science, understanding the boundaries and functions of the State is essential, as the term is often colloquially confused with “government,” “society,” or “nation.”
Primary Functions of the Modern State
The modern state serves two primary categories of functions: Essential (Compulsory) and Welfare (Optional).
Essential Functions
These are required for the very survival and identity of the state:
- Protection of Sovereignty: Maintaining a military to defend
Descartes on the Necessity of God’s Existence
The Need for Justifying God’s Existence
This formulation poses the philosophical question of the necessity of the existence of God, according to which Descartes holds that there must be a God. Descartes developed his philosophy in a period in which those who denied the existence of God were persecuted. He based his system on assertions about the existence of God, so this issue is a very important part of Descartes’s philosophy. Therefore we ask: Why is it necessary that God exists? What constitutes
Read MoreUnderstanding Self-Exploration and Value Education
Self-Exploration
Self-Exploration: Self-exploration is the process of discovering what is valuable to me by investigating within myself—what is right for me and true for me, which must be judged within myself.
Through self-exploration, we gain an understanding of our self-worth. We live with different entities (family, friends, air, soil, water, trees, etc.), and we seek to understand our relationship with all these elements.
For this, we need to start observing internally. The main focus of self-
Read MorePharmaceutical Ethics and the Opioid Crisis
1) What’s the Ethical Dilemma?
How drug companies like Purdue Pharma (maker of OxyContin) and Insys Therapeutics (maker of Subsys, a fentanyl drug) chose to sell more drugs by using lies and tricks, even though they knew those drugs were dangerous and addictive.
These companies had a choice:
- They could be honest about how risky the drugs were and try to help people in pain responsibly,
- OR
- They could hide the truth, use sneaky sales tactics, and push the drugs really hard to make more money. (Chosen)
Political Systems and Theories: Democracy, Monarchy, Republic
Political Systems and Key Theories
Authoritarianism — regimes that favor the appearance of control and diminish political participation by concentrating political power in one person or one body, undermining representative institutions.
- Aristocracy — Political system in which the government is exercised by a minority of citizens in the general interest of society.
- Oligarchy — Political system in which the government is exercised by a minority in the interests of the ruling group rather than the
Fundamentals of Insurance: Concepts, Principles, and Functions
Insurance is essentially a collective safeguard against the financial impact of life’s “what-ifs.” It is a contract that acts as a buffer between an individual and potential financial ruin.
The Core Components of Insurance
Here is a breakdown of the concept, nature, functions, and importance of insurance.
1. Concept of Insurance
Insurance is a legal agreement between two parties: the Insurer (the company) and the Insured (the individual or business).
The Agreement and Risk Transfer
- The Agreement: The