Kant’s Philosophical Legacy: Reason, Knowledge, and Global Peace
Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason: Synthesizing Knowledge
Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason aims to resolve the long-standing conflict between rationalism and empiricism, demonstrating that all knowledge is a synthesis of both. His theory of transcendental idealism posits that knowledge is not merely about what we experience, but also about the mind’s active role in structuring that experience.
Synthetic Judgments A Priori
Kant argues that scientific and metaphysical methods rely on synthetic judgments
Read MoreAncient Greek Political Thought: Sophists and Plato’s Vision
The Sophists: Education and Political Thought
The Sophists are recognized as the originators of a conscious conception of education. Their educational philosophy had a clear orientation towards the use of critical thinking and personal skills for practical purposes, though this did not exhaust their broader view of education.
From an early age, children in Athens listened to the exploits of gods and heroes from the lips of a slave mother or nanny. This informal instruction was primarily moral in nature,
Read MoreUnderstanding Core Concepts & Crafting Professional Emails
Philosophical & Political Concepts: Key Definitions
Delve into foundational ideas that have shaped ethical and political thought throughout history. Each concept offers a unique perspective on human behavior, societal structures, and the pursuit of a just life.
Moral Conscience: Guiding Ethical Behavior
The inherent moral sense that directs our actions toward what is right and enables us to judge deeds as good or bad.
Morality: Defining Good and Evil
The established set of judgments concerning what
Read MoreKant’s Deontology vs. Utilitarianism & Aristotle’s Soul Theory
Kant’s Critique of Utilitarianism
Immanuel Kant argues that utilitarianism allows for expediency and morally questionable actions to occur and become habitual. He explains that this is problematic because utilitarianism permits moral laws to be broken. Furthermore, he discusses his fundamental issues with the principle of utility and consequentialism.
Kant views that if we strictly follow the principle of utility, there is no possibility of distinguishing between higher and lower pleasures, thereby
Read MoreMarxist Analysis of Social Dynamics and Capitalism
Marx’s Conception of Humanity
According to Marx, humanity is viewed as a concrete being within its social environment. Human nature is inherently practical, with work as its primary activity. However, in capitalist society, the essence of humanity is dispossessed. Individuals become alienated from the product of their labor, losing ownership of the objects they produce. Their own activity is no longer their own, and they become estranged from nature and other people. This transforms their world into
Foundations of Logic: Deduction, Signs, and Knowledge
Linguistic Signs and Their Nature
Signs are the basic elements of a code.
The designated refers to the set of persons, animals, or things of any kind that are represented by the signs.
The denotated refers to the set of people who are the target audience for the signs, and who can interpret the transmitted information. (e.g., ‘I love you’)
Considering the relationship between a sign and what it designates, there are two main types of signs:
Natural Signs (Indices)
Natural signs, also known as indices,