Citizenship in Greco-Roman Antiquity
Source Citizenship
Citizenship is defined as the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation. Key features include:
- Membership in a political community within a defined territory.
- Enjoyment of rights, including the ability to participate in the government.
Citizenship in Greco-Roman Antiquity
Citizenship in Ancient Rome
In ancient Rome, a citizen was typically a freeborn adult male, born to Roman parents. Non-citizens had
Read MoreKant’s Transcendental Idealism: Understanding Knowledge
Kant’s Epistemology
Knowledge, according to Kant. Rationality encompasses the realm of knowledge and action, and reason is the instrument that guides action. Our scope of knowledge and theoretical reason is what Kant calls the sphere of action, or practical reason. Rationalists defend reason that starts from itself and its innate contents to reach universal, certain knowledge. Empiricists, however, argue that reason relies on data from experience, and as experience changes, so does our knowledge.
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Influences, Critical Dialogue, and Legacy
Influences on Kant’s Philosophy
Influences received: Wolff’s rationalism, Hume’s empiricism, Newtonian physics, and Enlightenment thinkers (e.g., Rousseau). Kant’s philosophy is intended to be a definitive and scientific systematization of all valid contributions received throughout history, and a necessary starting point for any future philosophy. Although this claim may seem excessive, it is largely justified: nowadays, it is difficult to engage in philosophy or, in general, to think about any
Read MorePlato’s Political Philosophy: Ideal City and Forms of Government
Plato’s Classification of Forms of Government
Plato’s Policy provides a classification of forms of government, distinguishing between:
- Monarchy: Which may be royalty or tyranny.
- Aristocracy.
- Oligarchy.
- Democracy.
The criteria used to distinguish these forms are:
- The number of those who rule: one (monarchy), a few (aristocracy), or all (democracy).
- The purpose of the scheme with regard to freedom, wealth, and legality. For example, a monarchy is royalty if it promotes citizen freedom, wealth, and respect
Introduction to Philosophy: Concepts and Branches
Philosophy is an activity that involves thinking and reasoning about concepts and ideas. The recognition of ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge. Philosophy comes from Greek and means “love of wisdom,” and it predates people like Pythagoras. Philosophy is not knowledge itself, but an attitude that starts when we recognize our ignorance of certain themes and issues:
- How is the world, and how do we know it?
- How should we live in the world, and what is proper human behavior?
Branches of Philosophy
Vocabulary for Conflict Resolution and Travel
Essential Vocabulary: Conflict & Peace
VT-1:
- Armistice – Armisticio
- Army – Ejército
- Arrest – Detener/Arrestar
- Assassinated – Asesinado
- Ceasefire – Alto el fuego
- Civil War – Guerra civil
- Concession – Concesión
- Conflict – Conflicto
- Conviction – Convicción
- Demonstration – Manifestación
- Despair – Desesperación
- Disobedience – Desobediencia
- Hostile – Hostil
- Imprisonment – Encarcelado
- Injustice – Injusticia
- Intolerance – Intolerancia
- Intolerant – Intolerante
- Judge – Juzgar
- Justice – Justicia
- Kidnapped – Secuestrado
- Non-