David Hume’s Philosophy: Empiricism, Knowledge, Morality
David Hume’s Philosophy
Knowledge and Perception
David Hume’s philosophy aims to provide answers to fundamental questions about human nature and knowledge. Key tenets include:
- All knowledge originates from experience.
- All ideas must be traceable to impressions.
- All knowledge is a combination of ideas remaining in the mind, which are caused by impressions.
- Knowledge consists of established truths.
Having established that all knowledge comes from experience, Hume distinguishes two types of perceptions:
- Simple
Nietzschean Thought: Fundamental Philosophical Principles
Nietzsche’s Concept of Becoming and the Apparent World
In his texts, Nietzsche contrasts the notion of ‘becoming’ with the Platonic concept of ‘being.’ Nietzsche argued that Plato, like most ‘mummies,’ sought to deny the constantly changing reality of the world. This denial, he believed, created the false dichotomy between the ‘apparent world’ and the ‘true world.’ Nietzsche considered the contradistinction between the real and apparent world a sign of moral decadence. He asserted that the only way
Read MoreSocial Discrimination and the Path to Gender Equality
What is Social Discrimination?
Social exclusion is a situation that is consolidated and reproduced by various means. However, there is a mechanism that generates social exclusion that is unacceptable to any egalitarian society. Discriminating against a person or group means reducing or denying their opportunities or even their rights based on characteristics such as origin, race, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, social class, or other factors.
Types of Discrimination: Declared and Covert
Discrimination
Read MoreCore Concepts: Legal Philosophy, Logic, and Metaphysics
Method Definition?
It is a rule or a guide to continue with the intention of achieving any purpose or procedure.
What are the Two Goals of Method?
The two goals are:
- Order.
- Ensure steps to reach an end.
Legal Concept of Methodology?
It is the science that studies the stages or rules for the study of law or research.
Definition of Legal Philosophy?
It is the branch of philosophy that studies law.
Streams of Legal Philosophy?
The main streams are:
- Positivism
- Realism
- Sociological
- Ontological
Concept of Logic?
It is
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Reason, Knowledge, and Morality
Kant’s Philosophical Project
Context and Motivation
Kant’s philosophy, motivated by the intellectual situation of the Renaissance, arose from a need for clarification and a critique of reason. Reason, as the ultimate authority, was crucial for scientific endeavor, moral action, and the organization of society. Kant sought to resolve three key issues:
- Dogmatic Rationalism
- Passivist Empiricism
- Irrationalism
Enlightenment and Freedom
Humanity often lives in an unenlightened state due to a lack of freedom
Read MoreOrtega’s Philosophy: Reason, Reality, and Historical Thought
Ortega’s Philosophy: Reality and Perspectivism
José Ortega y Gasset’s philosophy posits that reality is a dynamic and changing co-existence of the self with the world. No one can claim absolute truths about the human condition for each subject. The alternative is Ortega’s perspectivism: every life is a point of view about the world, and there are as many points of view as individuals. What happens to the individual also impacts society and entire epochs. The whole truth can only be obtained by
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