Philosophical Perspectives on Society and State
Historical Views on Social Origin
To understand the concept of social origin, we can examine its interpretations throughout history.
Classical & Medieval Foundations
In Classical Antiquity, social origin was considered natural, a view that persisted into the Middle Ages. Authors such as Aristotle and Aquinas agreed on a natural source for the social: the subject is incapable of living alone and possesses language as a communication and learning tool.
Modern Age: Social Contract Theories
In the Modern
Read MoreNietzsche’s Philosophy: Key Concepts and Cultural Critique
Nietzsche’s Core Philosophical Concepts
Introduction to Nietzsche’s Thought
Friedrich Nietzsche’s interest focuses on man and life. His philosophy is written in aphorisms. It is rooted in vitalism and represents a backlash against German idealism, among other philosophies. We can divide Nietzsche’s philosophy into two main areas:
- Critique of Western Culture: Examining its philosophy, science, and religion.
- Proposals: Concepts such as life as Will to Power, the Übermensch (Superman), and the idea of
Understanding Virtues and Ethical Philosophy
Intellectual Virtues: Theoretical Foundations of Knowledge
Intellectual virtues are theoretical and cannot be learned solely by nature. They can be acquired through explanation and are deeply related to knowledge.
Prudence
Science
Science provides an account of knowledge, specifically the knowledge of universal and permanent things (an opinion is not science because it is changing). If one studies something and gains knowledge, it is related to the good.
Wisdom (Sabiduría)
True knowledge combined with
Essential Philosophical Terms Defined
Core Philosophical Concepts
Mythos (Myth)
Symbolic narratives about gods and heroes.
Logos (Rational Explanation)
An explanation based on proofs and arguments.
Episteme (Knowledge or Science)
True belief based on reasons.
Philosophy
Literally meaning “the love of wisdom” (etymologically from the Greek philos = love and sophia = wisdom). In general terms, it is the endeavour to live rationally. More specifically, it is the ultimate and universal “science”: the study of ultimate principles or causes of all
Read MoreUnderstanding Employment Law: Definitions, Sources, and Core Principles
Employment Law Fundamentals
Employment Law (DL) is a set of rules, doctrines, and theories that regulate the employment relationship between employer and employee. It is a protective branch of law that specifically regulates the situation of individuals or agencies in a relationship of subordination.
William Thayer Ojeda’s Definition
William Thayer Ojeda defines Labor Law as “the branch of law that, as principal, is responsible for regulating the protective situation of individuals who require total
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Reason, Morality, and Knowledge
Immanuel Kant’s philosophy begins with the analysis of reason as the foundation of human action. He considers that moral consciousness is expressed in principles by which individuals adjust their actions and judge their own conduct and the behavior of others, leading to what he calls the moral fact.
Kant’s Practical Reason: Morality and Duty
The Foundation of Moral Action
Kant rejects material ethics because they justify actions based on what is good in specific circumstances, rather than universal
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