Philosophical Perspectives on Consciousness and Reality
Understanding Consciousness
Psychological Perspective
Being aware, being aware of.
Moral Perspective
Will or practical reason.
Epistemology
Reason.
Kant’s Transcendental Idealism
Transcendental Method
Conditions for the possibility of human knowledge.
Innate vs. A Priori
Differences between the innate (substance) and the a priori (function).
Transcendental Knowledge
Transcendental knowledge is properly stated a priori. Transcendental and the a priori are opposed to empirical-psychological and a posteriori.
Consciousness
Read MoreKey Concepts in Cartesian Philosophy: Definitions
Alma (Res Cogitans)
Res cogitans, sustancia pensante, sustancia espiritual finita. Es simple porque no se descompone en partes y, por tanto, inmortal e independiente del cuerpo. Principio consciente. Según Descartes, el alma es más fácil de conocer que el cuerpo.
Certeza
Acto del espíritu por el que se reconoce con claridad y distinción la verdad. Es la seguridad y convicción del sujeto ante la verdad. Fundamento y garantía de la evidencia. Descartes se refiere a la evidencia de lo ciertamente
Read MoreNietzschean Philosophical Concepts
Tragic Artist
For Nietzsche, reality is vital; life becomes the object of his faith, and the question arises: the origin of all concrete and changing things. Reality is real, if pure becoming. The concept cannot grasp it, but metaphor can, since it does not provide an objective meaning but accepts subjectivity and asserts multiplicity (Nietzsche’s perspective). For Nietzsche, one must grasp something through metaphor, not concept.
Tragedy is the highest form of art, art that affirms reality and man
Read MoreKant’s Critique: Why Metaphysics Fails as Science
Kant on Metaphysics as Science
Immanuel Kant asks whether metaphysics can be a science. His answer is negative because the aim of metaphysics is to go beyond experience. Furthermore, it cannot provide synthetic judgments a priori grounded in experience, relegating its concepts primarily to the realm of morality.
Enlightenment Context and Hume’s Influence
Kant’s thesis is situated in the Age of Enlightenment, a movement opposing tradition, authority, and superstition, which also defended independence,
Read MoreEberhard Faber Inc.’s Ethical Crossroads: Bribery and Acquisition
Ethical Issues in the Acquisition
The decision to acquire equity in the foreign company involves significant ethical issues. The fact that the company in question bribes government officials in its country to conduct business presents a major ethical problem. Eberhard Faber Inc. itself would not be breaking US law by making this deal, but the target company is breaking the law in its own country through bribery. This creates an ethical dilemma where the board of directors must decide whether to proceed
Read MoreCitizenship Concepts: Rights, Identity, and Political Philosophy
Citizenship: Definition and Features
Citizenship is the relationship established between an individual and a political community, in which the individual is recognized as a full member.
Essential Features
Citizenship entails a set of essential features:
- Duties and responsibilities.
- Rights granted to the member.
- A specific form of integration into the community.
- Rules governing coexistence.
Membership, Identity, and Challenges
Membership of a society or community: Citizenship denotes a particular form of
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