The Conflict Between Nietzschean and Ortegan Vitalism
Nietzschean Vitalism Versus Ortega’s Philosophy
Nietzsche’s vitalism affirmed the value of life as the ground of human being. This value sets a framework of irrationality against reason. Nietzsche says the human being has always been concerned with explaining how to live or how one should live, rather than actually living. This concern, in turn, has broken into metaphysics, morality, and history, generating the “conceptual mummies” that prevent us from living fully.
Nietzsche argued that it is necessary
Read MoreThe Foundations of Moral Responsibility and Conscience
Moral Responsibility: Definition and Scope
Moral responsibility derives from the commitment that an individual acquires moral obligations. Etymologically, it means the need to respond. The individual is responsible for dealing with everything that occurs in life. This is the human need to respond to people and the environment. This need is intrinsically linked to the freedom to choose the right course of action. The degree of responsibility varies among moral subjects. Legitimate coercion can also
Read MoreNature, Culture, and the Foundations of Human Behavior
The Nature vs. Nurture Debate
Defining Nature and Innate Traits
Nature refers to what is not learned; it is what an individual possesses from birth and inherits genetically. Examples include:
- Walking upright.
- Having a specific number of fingers.
- Linguistic ability (the capacity for language).
Culture: Learned Habits and Social Norms
Culture refers to what is learned and acquired through habit and social norms. This includes utensils and tools, knowledge and beliefs, and forms of expression (art, science,
Read MoreMastering Effective Workplace Meetings: Structure and Efficacy
Defining the Workplace Meeting
A workplace meeting involves a group of people within the organization gathering to discuss specific aspects of the job or business operations.
Essential Requirements for Effective Meetings
For a meeting to be productive, several requirements must be met:
- Participation: Requires at least two people.
- Procedure: Requires a defined procedure, including preparation time and motivation of participants.
- Location: A suitable place must be designated.
- Common Theme: Participants must
Karl Marx’s Core Concepts: Work, Alienation, and Dialectics
Karl Marx’s Core Concepts: Man and the Essence of Work
Marx’s political economy views the worker as a working animal, reduced to the strict necessities of life, and considers labor as an abstract commodity.
For Marx, there is no human nature in general; man becomes himself through history by transforming society and nature. Man’s essential activity is work, which Marx sees as overcoming the conception of man merely as a theorist. Work places man in relation to nature and with other men. Nature appears
Read MoreThe Philosophical Problem of Evil and Theistic Responses
The Traditional Problem of Evil
The existence of God has sometimes been justified from a cosmological point of view (based on the nature of the world). There are some features that serve as evidence that God exists, such as the complexity of world order and its manifestation. But while the world exhibits order and beauty, it is also full of misfortune, adversity, suffering, degradation, and injustice.
Much of this evil is practiced by some individuals against others. But there is also natural evil,
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