Social Workers and Labor Relations: Understanding Key Concepts
Social Workers and Labor Relations
Democracy
Democracy is a form of organizing groups of people, whose dominant feature is that the ownership of power resides in all of its members, making decisions that respond to the collective will of the members of the group. Strictly speaking, democracy is a form of government, organizing the state, in which collective decisions are taken by the people through participatory mechanisms that directly or indirectly confer legitimacy to representatives. Broadly speaking,
Read MorePhilosophical Perspectives on Reality: From Realism to Phenomenology
Reality in Philosophical History
Realism
Realism posits that the mind is like a mirror, reflecting reality as it truly is.
Idealism
Idealism suggests that the mind possesses inherent principles or categories that structure reality during the cognitive process.
Rationalism
Rationalism asserts that reason is the source of all true knowledge.
Empiricism
Empiricism claims that experience is the source of all true knowledge.
Rationalist Perspectives on Reality
- The real is that which meets the criterion of clarity
Skepticism: History, Principles, and Impact on Philosophy
Skepticism: A Constant in the History of Thought
Skepticism is a constant in the history of thought, appearing and reappearing throughout the ages. Kant divides all thinkers into dogmatic or skeptical.
The Lack of Certain Knowledge
The founder of skepticism was Pyrrho of Elis. Skepticism has a significant degree of unorthodoxy in its thinking and a common basis: the affirmation of the impossibility of all true knowledge.
The Attitude of Skeptical Doubt
The attitude of skeptical doubt appeared with the
Read MoreKant’s Transcendental Idealism and A Priori Knowledge
Transcendental Conception of A Priori
Transcendental conception of a priori
A priori knowledge, according to Kant’s theory, is defined as one that is completely independent of experience, not just independent of this or that experience, but of all experience.
Now, between a priori knowledge, those to which nothing empirical has been added are called pure. For example, the proposition every change has its cause is indeed a priori; it is independent of experience. However, it is not pure a priori, since
Read MorePlato’s Philosophy: Soul, Ideas, and Political Theory
The Soul
Plato distinguishes between the body (soma) and the soul (psyche). Just as the intelligible world is the real and true world, the soul is the real and true essence of a human being. In essence, the individual is the soul. Plato proposes a tripartite division of the soul:
- Intelligible
- Irascible
- Concupiscible
Plato argues for the eternity and immortality of the soul and the possibility of reincarnation. The body is a prison for the soul, a hindrance that drags it down with passions, preventing
Read MoreOrtega’s Vital and Historical Reason: A Philosophical Analysis
Ortega’s Critique of Rationalism and Skepticism
The text examines Ortega’s critique of both rationalism and skepticism, arguing that neither can fully resolve the problem of existence and knowledge. Ortega’s vitalist and historicist system is presented as an alternative, addressing the clash between reason and life that has characterized Western thought.
Perspectivism as a Constitutive Component of Reality
For Ortega, perspective is a fundamental aspect of reality. Our understanding of reality is shaped
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