Muscle Metabolism and Physiological Responses to Exercise
Muscle Metabolism and Energy Systems
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions.
Energy Systems in High-Intensity, Short-Duration Exercise (10-15 seconds)
The dominant energy system in high-intensity, short-duration exercise is the phosphocreatine system, where phosphocreatine is used to rapidly form ATP.
Creatine kinase activity is stimulated by high levels of ADP.
Muscle Adaptations
Adaptations to exercise occur in both structural and neurological factors.
Read MoreHuman Body Composition: Analysis, Techniques, and Evolutionary Diet
Body Composition
- It is the study of the parts of a whole, in this case, the human body (Rodriguez C. 1992).
- Body analysis allows us to quantify the body’s components.
- Body weight consists of many components or proportions that vary among individuals.
- With the introduction of the microscope in the seventeenth century, researchers could penetrate tissues and cells. Analysis of tissues from biopsies has contributed significantly to our understanding of physiology and human metabolism.
- Early studies on body
Psychosomatic Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Psychological Factors
Genitourinary
- Enuresis
- Impotence
- Frigidity
- Premature Ejaculation
- Amenorrhea
- Dysmenorrhea
Respiratory
- Asthma
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
1 – Somatoform Disorders:
Somatic complaints or dysfunctions that are not under conscious control and for which there is no demonstrable organic
Human Joints: Types, Movements, and Major Articulations
Joints
Joints are classified based on their mobility:
- Synarthrosis: Joints with no mobility.
- Amphiarthrosis: Joints with minimal range of motion.
- Diarthrosis: Joints allowing extensive movements.
Key elements of bone joints include:
- Joint Capsule: Provides stability.
- Synovial Membrane: Lubricates articular cartilage.
- Articular Cartilage: Ensures smooth sliding and prevents bone erosion.
- Articular Cavity: Space between articular surfaces.
- Meniscus: Improves bone end fit and increases contact surface.
- Ligaments:
Language Re-education and Social Integration for Special Needs
ITEM 6: Re-education of Language
1. Processor Type Disorder
- Dysphasia: Alteration in the expression of spoken language.
- Dysarthria: Disturbance caused by brain injury.
- Aphasia: Neurological disorder characterized by deficiency or absence of the role of language in areas of brain injury.
- Diglossia: Speech disorder, where sound is slurred due to organic causes.
- Dislalia and Stuttering
2. Adryna Method
A model of educational intervention for people with poor communication skills. Focuses on differentiating
Read MoreForce Training Methods: A Complete Guide
Force: A Comprehensive Guide
Definition
Physics: F = M x A
Physiological: A muscle’s ability to produce force when activated.
Sports: Maximum tension manifested by a muscle at a given time.
Classification of Force
According to Carlo Vittori (1990) and M. Vélez (1991), force is classified based on the causes and mechanisms of muscle contraction. These classifications include:
- Active Demonstration of Force
- Reactive Power Manifestation
Active Demonstration of Force
Active force is produced by a simple cycle
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