Joint Injuries: Sprains, Dislocations, Fractures & Bites
Joint Injuries: Sprains, Dislocations, and Fractures
Sprain: An incomplete tear of the joint capsule or ligaments, without rupture. It occurs when a torsional twist or violent stretch forces a joint beyond its normal range of motion, causing ligament damage or tearing.
Sprain Grades:
- Grade I (Mild): The ligament is strained, stretched beyond its normal capacity but remains intact. There is no hematoma.
- Grade II (Moderate): A partial tear of the ligament occurs, resulting in bruising and swelling.
- Grade
Intramural and Extramural Sports: Principles and Objectives
Intramural Sports Principles
Q1. Explain the principles of Intramurals.
Ans.
- Local Circumstances: The games should be popular in the school and the local area. Consider the availability of playgrounds and other suitable facilities.
- Good Quality Sports Equipment and Facilities: Use high-quality sports equipment to avoid injuries.
- Interest: Select activities based on student interest to increase participation and enjoyment. Activities should align with student preferences, facilities, and community.
- Budget:
Classification of Sports and Physical Activities
Current sports and physical activities can be classified using two parameters:
- Scope of Action: Activities are grouped according to the professional arenas and social sectors involved.
- Circulation Model: Activities are grouped according to the model of choice or emotional reason that has made the choice for practitioners.
Sport Performance or Competitive
Practices included in this group depend on two factors: the economic cost (as some sports carry a high economic cost, as the necessary materials and
Read MoreHandball Rules and Tactics: A Comprehensive Look
Handball Rules
Basic Rules
- **Goal Area:** 6 meters
- **Free Throw Line:** 9 meters
- **Penalty Line:** 7 meters
- **Match Duration:** 2 halves of 30 minutes, with 2 extra periods of 5 minutes if needed.
- **Timeouts:** One timeout per team per period.
- **Number of Players:** 6 field players and 1 goalkeeper, up to 20 players per team, numbered from 1 to 20.
- **Substitutions:** Unlimited substitutions can be made at any time without stopping the game, within the designated substitution area.
Goalkeeper Rules
- The goalkeeper
Senior Living: Adapting Environments and Addressing Sensory Changes
**Environmental Adaptations for Seniors with Reduced Mobility**
When adapting the living environment for seniors experiencing a decline in mobility, it’s crucial to adhere to these guidelines:
- Ramps should not exceed an 8% incline.
- Doorways should have a minimum width of 90 cm.
- Install handrails in hallways and staircases.
- Ensure ample turning space for wheelchairs in passageways.
- The environment must be adaptable to accommodate increasing levels of difficulty.
The Senior’s Room
The senior’s room should
Read MoreHuman Body Responses: Sensory, Heat, Exercise, Cerebellum
Sensory Receptors
- Meissner: Detects light touch, such as gentle caresses.
- Merkel: Detects sustained pressure on the skin’s surface.
- Pacinian: Detects deep, wide-field vibrations. These are unmyelinated.
- Ruffini: Detects skin stretching and sustained pressure.
Physiological Response to Heat
Heating the skin leads to increased cutaneous blood flow. Venous return from the extremities to the heart occurs through superficial veins. If the thermal gradient is large enough, sweating occurs, leading to skin cooling
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