Hand, Finger, and Thumb X-Ray Positioning Techniques
Finger X-Ray Positioning
PA Projection
Film/IR Size
18 x 24 cm (transverse)
Patient Position
Seat the patient at the end of the table, elbows flexed approximately 90°, with the hand and forearm resting on the table.
Part Position
Hand pronated with fingers straight.
Central Ray (CR)
Perpendicular, directed to the 1st proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
SID
1 meter
Collimation
Collimate on all 4 sides to the finger area.
Notes
Alternatively, a larger film encompassing the entire hand in PA projection may be
Read MoreDeveloping Motor Skills and Body Awareness
Body Schema and Dynamic Coordination
Structuring the body schema involves general dynamic segmental coordination. Key aspects include:
- Use and control of the body at rest and in motion.
- Implementation of tonic control and respiratory motor control.
- Adaptation of body position to expressive needs and drivers in an economic and balanced way.
- Appropriate use of selective discrimination of stimuli and perceptual anticipation.
- Execution of movements with non-dominant body segments.
- Static and dynamic balance
Physiological Changes with Ageing and Exercise Benefits
Q1. Elucidate Physiological Changes Due to Ageing?
Ans. The physiological changes that take place are mentioned below:
- Change in Nervous System: During ageing, reaction time and movement time slow down with increasing age. The brain shrinks, the size of its network and its blood flow decreases.
- Change in Gastrointestinal System: With increasing age, there is a reduction in the production of Hydrochloric Acid, Digestive Enzymes, and Saliva. These changes may result in delayed emptying of the stomach
Defining Motor Skills, Movement, Coordination, and Balance
Movement Definition
Movement: A sequence of concrete actions through processes of muscle contractions and joint movements.
Motor Task Explained
Motor Task: An activity with a specific purpose performed under particular conditions for the development of a skill. Tasks generally have three parts:
- Perception
- Decision
- Implementation
There are two main types of tasks:
- Psychomotor: The motor action is performed alone.
- Sociomotor: The motor action is carried out in the presence of, or interaction with, others (
Fundamentals of Physical Education: Concepts and Principles
Fundamentals of Physical Education
The action teaches us and falls into the broad field of sports. There are three physicomechanical fields: recreational, educational and didactic competitive, and rehabilitation. Teaching involves how to teach. The difference between a professor involves two stages: initial information, knowledge of results, and methods (how to carry out an action in a structured manner), and methodology.
Methodology
This is the part that deals with the didactic teaching methods to
Read MoreCommon Sports Injuries and Rugby Terminology Explained
Common Sports Injuries
- Sprain (*esguince*)
- Consists of stretching or tearing one or various ligaments.
- Dislocation (*dislocación*)
- Occurs when two joint surfaces lose contact due to displacement.
- Meniscus Injuries (*lesiones de menisco*)
- The menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures reducing joint friction. Knee menisci are most commonly injured, usually when performing a rotation during flexion and weight-bearing.
- Synovitis (*sinovitis*)
- Inflammation of the synovial membrane, often caused by recurrent