Human Joints: Types, Movements, and Major Articulations
Joints
Joints are classified based on their mobility:
- Synarthrosis: Joints with no mobility.
- Amphiarthrosis: Joints with minimal range of motion.
- Diarthrosis: Joints allowing extensive movements.
Key elements of bone joints include:
- Joint Capsule: Provides stability.
- Synovial Membrane: Lubricates articular cartilage.
- Articular Cartilage: Ensures smooth sliding and prevents bone erosion.
- Articular Cavity: Space between articular surfaces.
- Meniscus: Improves bone end fit and increases contact surface.
- Ligaments:
Language Re-education and Social Integration for Special Needs
ITEM 6: Re-education of Language
1. Processor Type Disorder
- Dysphasia: Alteration in the expression of spoken language.
- Dysarthria: Disturbance caused by brain injury.
- Aphasia: Neurological disorder characterized by deficiency or absence of the role of language in areas of brain injury.
- Diglossia: Speech disorder, where sound is slurred due to organic causes.
- Dislalia and Stuttering
2. Adryna Method
A model of educational intervention for people with poor communication skills. Focuses on differentiating
Read MoreForce Training Methods: A Complete Guide
Force: A Comprehensive Guide
Definition
Physics: F = M x A
Physiological: A muscle’s ability to produce force when activated.
Sports: Maximum tension manifested by a muscle at a given time.
Classification of Force
According to Carlo Vittori (1990) and M. Vélez (1991), force is classified based on the causes and mechanisms of muscle contraction. These classifications include:
- Active Demonstration of Force
- Reactive Power Manifestation
Active Demonstration of Force
Active force is produced by a simple cycle
Read MoreDefensive Strategies in Pelotaris
Defensive Principles
These principles come into play when a team loses possession of the ball.
Markings
Markings involve tactical and strategic actions by players to regain ball possession and put their adversaries at a disadvantage.
- Individual: 1×1, areas, mixed
- Collective: Combined coverages, swaps, withdrawal, pressing
1×1 Man Marking
A player marks an opponent designated by the coach, following them wherever they go on the field.
Advantages:
- The adversary is never free.
- Continuous physical presence.
- Reduced
Evolution of Gymnastics and the Rise of Modern Sports
Social Aspects of Physical Exercise
In the nineteenth century, alongside medical and hygienic gymnastics and Enlightenment educational trends, various structured methods of gymnastics emerged. Known as gymnastics schools, four main schools shared a common basis: exercise as motor behavior. These schools were: the German school (military training), the Swedish school (body posture and training), the French School (natural physical education), and the English sports movement (sports regulation and
Read MoreAugustus of Prima Porta & Doryphoros: Roman Power & Greek Ideal
Augustus of Prima Porta
Factsheet: Augustus of Prima Porta. Work author unknown, from 19 BC, although the copy dates from the 14th century AD. Roman art, High Imperial period (Julio-Claudian dynasty). Currently in the Vatican Museums.
Analysis: This marble sculpture is a copy made after the death of Augustus, from an original bronze portrait. It was found in Livia’s villa at Prima Porta, outside Rome. Augustus is depicted in a tunic, wearing a muscled cuirass and paludamentum (military cloak) around
Read More