Understanding Human Movement: Muscles, Bipedalism, and Gait
The Basis of Movement
The foundation of movement, mediated by muscle cells, is the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy by the contractile apparatus of muscle cells. Actin and myosin proteins are essential components of this contractile apparatus. The interaction of these proteins facilitates the contraction of muscle cells.
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
- Irritability: Muscles receive and respond to stimulation.
- Contractility: Muscles can change shape, becoming shorter and thicker.
Mesocycles: Accumulation, Processing, and Embodiment
The nature and orientation of these mesocycles reflect their names. Thus, Accumulation mesocycles aim to increase the athlete’s motor potential and create a pool of basic qualities. It is, in other words, the entire preparatory mesocycle in miniature.
- In Processing mesocycles, this potential becomes specialized preparation. Based on developed force, it increases force resistance. Based on aerobic energy supply development, it improves mixed (aerobic and anaerobic) energy supply and increases speed
Fitness & Training: Key Concepts, Muscles, Bones, Movements
Health-Related Components
- Cardiovascular Endurance: Ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to the body during prolonged physical activity.
- Muscular Strength: Maximum force a muscle can exert against resistance.
- Muscular Endurance: Ability of a muscle to sustain repeated contractions or continue applying force against a fixed object.
- Flexibility: Range of motion available at a joint.
- Body Composition: Proportion of fat and non-fat mass in the body.
Skill-Related Components
- Agility:
Personal Training System: Optimizing Your Physical Skills
Personal Training System
Physical skills training has been practiced for over 3000 years, driven by efforts to improve human capabilities through education, sacred practices (religion), and more. Today’s training follows scientific guidelines, allowing us to plan our own systems for health benefits.
Fundamental Ideas
- Physical activities started 3000 years ago.
- The driving elements were religion and education.
- Current science focuses on the basic concepts of health.
Planning personal training involves
Read MoreEffective Strategies for Teaching Motor Skills
Learning Factors for Teachers
A) Practice Strategies
Sometimes, the objective of learning motor skills is so complex that they cannot be learned all at once. They must be learned in parts, matching the pace of student learning. The way you split a skill to be learned is what we call a learning strategy. To determine the strategies to use, consider:
- The characteristics of the skill to teach: Differentiate between a simple skill and a comprehensive, complicated skill (analytical strategy).
- The capabilities
Hip Joint Muscles: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
Hip Flexion
Muscles: Pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fascia lata.
Pectineus
- Origin: Pubic branch of the ileum
- Insertion: Femur
- Function: Flexion, abduction, and external rotation
Iliopsoas
- Origin: Psoas – 12th thoracic vertebra to the 5th lumbar vertebra; Iliac fossa – iliacus
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter
- Function:
- With trunk fixed and legs mobile: flexion, adduction, and external rotation
- With legs and trunk fixed:
- Pelvic anteversion
- Trunk flexion
Sartorius
- Origin: Iliac spine
- Insertion: Medial aspect