State Constitutions: Principles, Structures, and Changes
State and Local Government
Constitution:
A written plan that sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles.
Principles in Common:
- Popular Sovereignty
- Limited Government
Differences of Constitution
| U.S. Constitution | State Constitution |
|---|---|
| Short | Lengthy |
| Rarely Amended | Often Amended |
| General in Scope | Specific in Scope |
Early State Constitutions
The Massachusetts Constitution, adopted in 1780, is the oldest written constitution now in force anywhere in the world.
In 1780, Massachusetts set the
Read MoreElectrical Hazards and Safety Measures
Unit 16: Electrical Risk Physical Agents
Electrical Hazards
An electrical accident is defined as receiving a jolt or shock, with or without causing personal damage or injury.
- Direct Contacts (34%): Contacts with parts of the installation normally under strain.
- Indirect Contacts (18%): Contacts with metal parts or elements accidentally energized.
- Arc Burns (48%): Produced by the union of two points at different potentials through a low electrical resistance element.
Factors Influencing the Electrical Effect
- Current
Understanding the Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Reflection
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes. The waves that form the electromagnetic spectrum are:
- Radio waves
- Television (TV) and FM radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared Radiation
- Visible Radiation
- UV Radiation
- X-Rays
- Gamma rays
Light Sources, Illuminated Bodies, and Propagation
All bodies that are light sources emit their own light.
Illuminated bodies are classified as:
- Opaque bodies
- Translucent
Vibrations and Waves: Physics Problems and Solutions
Vibrations & Waves
1) A wiggle in time is a:
- vibration.
- wave.
- both
- neither
Answer: a
2) A common source of wave motion is a:
- wave pattern.
- harmonic object.
- vibrating object.
- region of variable high & low pressure.
- none of these
Answer: c
3) Like a transverse wave, a longitudinal wave has:
- amplitude, frequency, wavelength, & speed.
- amplitude, frequency, & wavelength.
- amplitude, wavelength, & speed.
- wavelength, speed, & frequency.
- amplitude, frequency, & speed.
Answer: a
4) How many vibrations
Understanding Electricity: Key Concepts and Definitions
Electricity: Key Concepts
Here’s a breakdown of key concepts in electricity:
Insulator
A material without charged particles, through which charges do not flow easily.
Electric Field
Force X loading unit. It can be considered as an “aura” surrounding charged objects, and is a storehouse of energy. Around a charged body, the field decreases with distance following the inverse square law. Between parallel plates with opposite charge, the field is uniform.
Capacitor or Condenser
An electrical device, two parallel
Read MoreCosmos: Science, Theories, and Celestial Bodies
Science and Technology
Science: A body of knowledge gained through observation and reasoning from which general principles and laws are deduced. Technology: A body of knowledge used to create objects and machines that adapt to the environment and meet our needs.
Scientific Literacy and Pseudoscience
Scientific literacy: A set of scientific expertise that exists. Individuals should possess basic scientific literacy to express themselves, form their own opinions, and avoid manipulation.
Pseudoscience:
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