Understanding the Atom: From Spectroscopy to Quantum Theory

Posted by on Dec 3, 2024 in Physics | 0 comments

1. The Atom and Material Consumption

Spectroscopy and Chemical Analysis

By 1860, Kirchhoff and Bunsen pioneered spectroscopic analysis. This technique involved vaporizing substances in a hot flame and observing the emitted light. Each element displayed a unique set of colored lines, known as its emission spectrum, reflecting the unique structure of its atoms.

Discharge Tubes and Cathode Rays

In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered that cathode rays were material particles that deviated in electric and magnetic

Read More

Modern Physics and Ancient Science: A Comparative Study

Posted by on Dec 2, 2024 in Physics | 0 comments

Theory of Relativity

Albert Einstein, after discovering the photoelectric effect, concluded that light behaved as both a wave and a particle, with a constant speed. This was the beginning of the theory of relativity. According to this theory, there is no absolute motion or fixed reference point, unlike Newtonian physics. Time and space are intertwined. Mass and energy are interchangeable. This theory explains the accelerated motion of bodies and gravity as a curvature of space-time.

Quantum Theory

This

Read More

Introduction to Surveying and Geodesy

Posted by on Dec 2, 2024 in Physics | 0 comments

Surveying is the science concept that aims to implement all necessary linear and angular measurements using mathematical calculations. It also aims to determine the relative position of points, considering the Earth’s surface as a flat surface. Topographic surveying encompasses all operations needed to create a correct planimetric graphical representation of an area, including height differences. This level of detail is essential to begin any desired work and requires a good graphical representation

Read More

Waves, Fields, and Electromagnetism

Posted by on Dec 2, 2024 in Physics | 0 comments

  • Waves: Disturbances in Space
  • A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space, carrying energy and momentum without displacing matter.
  • Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves
  • Longitudinal waves: Propagation direction is parallel to vibration direction. Example: Sound waves.
  • Transverse waves: Propagation direction is perpendicular to vibration direction. Example: Electromagnetic waves, S-waves (Seismic).

Similarities and Differences Between Electric and Gravitational Fields

Analogies

  • Both fields are central
Read More

Refrigeration System Components and Installation Practices

Posted by on Dec 1, 2024 in Physics | 0 comments

The star of the freezer means * = -6 ºC.

Refrigeration System Components

Evaporators

  • Types: Visible or buried.
  • Temperature Conservation: Limited space and evaporator size.
  • Apparatus Combination: Network hose and multiple computers (e.g., 2 evaporators, 2 tabs).
  • Single Computer Evaporator: More coils for the freezer, less cooling capacity.
  • Circuit Perimeter: Extended around doorways to prevent frost (highest leak potential).
  • Loop: Circulates oil from the crankcase for cooling.

The vacuum is up to 30 inches.

Read More

Structural Analysis: Design, Forces, and Stability

Posted by on Nov 30, 2024 in Physics | 0 comments

Link: the condition imposed on an item about to stand still or describing its trajectory. The way to realize the support links is cn.

Structure: This refers to something that is built. These consist of one or more resistance elements arranged so that both the overall structure and its components are able to remain without significant changes in geometry during loading and unloading.

Structural Design is aimed at two main objectives: 1) Meeting the requirements of functionality; 2) Safely carrying

Read More