Understanding Faraday’s and Ampere’s Laws in Electromagnetism
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s Law expresses the induced electromotive force (EMF) as a function of the variation of magnetic flux (ΦB):
EMF = – ΔΦB / Δt
The electromotive force induced in a coil is equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the surface bounded by the loop. For a coil with N turns, the EMF induced is:
EMF = -N * (ΔΦB / Δt)
If the coil has tightly wound turns, the flux through each turn will be the same, and the EMF induced in the coil is the
Read MoreAcoustic Physics: Sound Wave Properties and Phenomena
Acoustic Physics: Sound Wave Properties
Elongation: The distance between the point of balance and the position of particles at a given time.
Amplitude: The distance between the highest point and the point of equilibrium, similar to elongation. (Higher energy results in greater amplitude)
Period: The time it takes a particle to complete one vibration.
Frequency: The number of times an event is repeated within a given time. Specifically, the number of vibrations performed in 1 second.
Wavelength: The distance
Read MoreChronicles of a Cataclysm: Magic, Mayhem, and Moon Mishaps
The Beginning and the Book
The world began.
A middle-aged man sat in his living room with a book. This book appeared to be an electronic book titled “Magic,” which he’d found in the attic of the home he’d just purchased. He, in his infinite wisdom, believed that the “book of magic” was just a nice-looking gimmick and that as a relic, it looked nice as a conversation starter on his coffee table. Had he treated it as such, that’s all it ever would have been.
One night, after drinking a little too much,
Read MoreUnderstanding Magnetic Fields: Definitions and Applications
Magnetic Field: Definitions and Applications
Magnetism, just as electricity, is a property that all materials possess to a greater or lesser extent. This property consists of performing actions from a distance, such as attracting and repelling, plus producing induced electric currents.
Despite the force between two electric charges behaving the same as the force between two magnetic poles, unlike electricity, an individual magnetic pole cannot be separated: poles are always found in pairs.
For example,
Read MoreCurrent Electricity and Nuclear Physics Fundamentals
Current Electricity: Chapters 21, 22, and 23
Key Definitions and SI Units
- Electric Current (A): The rate of flow of charge.
- Electric Power (W): The rate of energy dissipation.
- Electric Charge (C): The amount of energy or electrons transferable through methods like friction, induction, or conduction.
- Potential Difference (V): The energy per unit charge that causes current to flow; also known as voltage.
- Electrical Resistance (Ω): The opposition to the flow of current from a voltage source.
- Electrical
Optical Communication Systems: Evolution and Fiber Types
Optical Communication: Core Requirements
Optical communication requires a coherent source and a suitable transmission medium.
Evolution of Lightwave Transmission Systems
- 1st Generation (0.85µm): Operated at a bit rate of 45 Mb/s with a repeater spacing of 10 km. The main advantage was larger repeater spacing compared to coaxial systems, leading to reduced installation and maintenance costs.
- 2nd Generation (1.3µm): Utilized single-mode fibers at 1.7 Gb/s with a repeater spacing of 50 km. Repeater spacing