Amerindians, Settlers, and the American Revolution

Posted by admin on Mar 21, 2025 in Physiotherapy | 0 comments

Life of Amerindians: Pueblo, Apaches, Iroquois, and Dakota

Christopher Columbus, seeking a new route from Europe to Asia, arrived in America. Mistaking it for Asia, he called the native inhabitants “Indians.” For years, they were known by this name; only recently have the terms Native Americans or Amerindians become common.

The Pueblo

The Pueblo were the most organized of the Amerindian farming peoples. They lived in villages or towns, often built on cliffs for safety. They crafted clothing and blankets

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Shoulder and Arm Muscles: Origins, Insertions, Actions

Posted by admin on Mar 12, 2025 in Physiotherapy | 0 comments

Deltoid

Origin: Anterior edge of the collarbone, lateral acromion edge.

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity.

Action: Horizontal flexion, abduction, extension horizontal.

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Insertion: Superior facet of greater tuberosity.

Action: Produces abduction of the shoulder.

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa.

Insertion: Articular capsule of the lesser tuberosity of humerus.

Action: Internal rotation stabilizer.

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

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Back Muscles: Origins, Insertions, Actions

Posted by admin on Mar 4, 2025 in Physiotherapy | 0 comments

Trapezius

• Origin:
  • Superior: Occipital protuberance, C2-C7, nuchal line.
  • Medial: T1-T4.
  • Inferior: T5-T12.
• Insertion:
  • Superior: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle.
  • Medial: Acromion process.
  • Inferior: Spine of scapula.
• Action:
  • Superior: Raises shoulders.
  • Medial: Adduction of scapula.
  • Inferior: Stabilization and depression of scapula.
• Innervation: Accessory nerve and cervical nerves.

Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin: Iliac crest, sacral crest, spinous processes of L5-T6, and ribs 10-12.
• Insertion: Inferior angle of scapula and bicipital

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Key Muscles: Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation

Posted by admin on Feb 19, 2025 in Physiotherapy | 0 comments

Name	Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
Splenius capitis	Ligamentum nuchae, SP C7-T4	Mastoid process, Occipital bone	Rotates head to the same side. Extends head/neck	Posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Splenius cervicis	SP T3-T6	TP C1-C3	Rotates head to the same side. Extends head/neck	Posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Iliocostalis	Sacrum, ilium, lumbar vertebrae	Ribs, cervical vertebrae	Extends vertebral column; posture	Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Longissimus	Sacrum, ilium, lumbar vertebrae	Mastoid

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Cell Biology Questions and Answers

Posted by admin on Feb 13, 2025 in Physiotherapy | 0 comments

Cell Biology Questions

1. What are the 3 principal parts of a cell?
– plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

2. What are the characteristics/properties of the plasma membrane?
– fluidity, selective permeability, asymmetry

3. If you observed that a cell did not have a centrosome, what could you predict about its capacity for cell division?
– the cell probably would not be able to undergo cell division

4. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to:
– secrete a lot of proteins

5. Regarding

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