CEFRL Structure, Levels, and Language Learning
Structure of the CEFRL
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL) is divided into nine chapters and four annexes:
- Chapter 1: Aims and Objectives – According to the Council of Europe, the main objective is plurilingualism.
- Chapter 2: Approach – Communicative competences and the use of language.
- Chapter 3: Common Reference Levels
- Chapter 4: Use of Language and the Language User
- Chapter 5: User Competences
- Chapter 6: Teaching-Learning Process
- Chapter 7: Tasks and Roles Involved in the
Primary Education Stages and Development
Primary Education (EP)
Introduction
Primary Education (EP) is a structured educational journey spanning six years, from ages 6 to 12. It aims to provide a holistic education that fosters personal development, well-being, and the acquisition of fundamental skills. This includes cultural understanding and expression, literacy, numeracy, social skills, work habits, artistic appreciation, creativity, and emotional growth.
Objectives
- Instill values and norms, preparing students for active citizenship and
Foreign Language Acquisition in Schools: Factors and Stages
Key Factors in Foreign Language Learning
When teaching and learning a foreign language, several factors within the school context must be considered:
1. The Language
- Language Distance: Interference or language transference.
- Native Language Proficiency: The learner’s skill in their first language.
- Knowledge of the Second Language: Existing understanding of the target language.
- Dialect and Register: Variations in language use.
- Language Status: Relative prestige or cultural significance.
- Language Attitudes:
Syllabus Design and Materials in English for Specific Purposes
The Syllabus in English for Specific Purposes
A syllabus is a document that outlines what will (or at least what should) be learned in a course. The contents of a syllabus are partly determined by previous procedures and decisions, including the results of needs analysis, the chosen theory or theories of language, the linguistic levels and skills to be focused on, and the level of specificity of the course.
Different Layers of a Syllabus
- The Evaluation Syllabus
- The Organizational Syllabus
- The Materials
Referencing Styles for Academic Writing
Books: Single Author
Information needed:
- Author (surname and name initials)
- Date of publication (in brackets)
- Title of the book (in italics)
- Place of publication
- Publisher
Punctuation conventions:
- Author’s surname,
- Initial.
- (Date).
- Title.
- City of publication*: Publisher.
*Two letters for the state if published in the USA
Articles in an Academic Journal: Single Author
Information needed:
- Author of the article (surname and name initials)
- Date of publication (in brackets)
- Title of the article
- Name of the journal (in
Evolution of Language Teaching Methods: 19th Century to Present
Grammar-Translation in Language Teaching
At the close of the nineteenth century, in European schoolrooms, the teaching of modern foreign languages was heavily influenced by the more established and prestigious academic study of the dead classical languages. It’s important to take note of grammar-translation assumptions about language learning, if only because they were so thoroughly rejected in later years. These assumptions can thus provide a key insight into ways in which ideas about languages
Read More