Principles of Effective Data Visualization
Foundations of Visualization
Goals
Leverage visuals to understand and communicate data. Goals can be broken down into four main categories:
- Record Information
- Analyze Data to Support Reasoning (Example: the analysis of O-ring data for the Challenger disaster.)
- Confirm Hypothesis (Example: exact contaminated water pump location from Dr. John Snow’s 1854 cholera map of London.)
- Communicate Ideas to Others
Why Visualization Works
It offloads cognitive work to the perceptual system; cognition and memory are
Read MoreUnderstanding Attachment Theories and Their Impact on Relationships
Here’s your revised text with relevant theories and key concepts bolded for emphasis:
Attachment Theories
Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory suggests that attachment is innate and pre-programmed for human survival. Humans are born with the need to attach to their offspring. This need to form one main attachment is known as monotropy.
Ainsworth’s Strange Situation is a laboratory observation designed to measure the quality of attachment and differences in attachment styles in infants. Devised in 1970,
Read MoreKey Psychological Concepts for Personal Well-Being
Dr. Kaufman’s Sailboat Model of Needs
The Hull (the base of the boat): Represents our security and stability needs—things like safety, connection, and self-esteem. If the hull has “holes” (like trauma, fear, or instability), we cannot really move forward because all our energy goes into surviving or patching it up. These are the foundations that keep the boat steady.
The Sail: Stands for our growth and exploration needs—curiosity, purpose, love, and creativity. When we feel safe and stable,
Classification and Types of Mental Health Disorders
Understanding Major Categories of Mental Disorders
Like physical ailments, there are various types of mental disorders. The list of these disorders ranges from minor anxiety to severe conditions such as schizophrenia. The standard classification system used is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The branch of psychology that deals with these disorders is called abnormal psychology.
1. Disorders of Childhood
The DSM classifies various kinds of childhood disorders, usually
Read MoreCultivating Self-Compassion: Balancing Emotion Systems
“It’s possible to train ourselves to experience greater compassion and love.” (Gilbert, 2009)
Why Self-Criticism Fails Us
- We are often unkind to ourselves.
- The core message we internalize is often: “We are not good enough” unless we excel in specific areas (achievements, appearance, social skills, etc.).
- A critical attitude contributes to feelings of stress, insecurity, aggression, and sadness.
- It does not contribute to happiness and well-being.
- Unhappiness often stems from focusing on things we are
Perceptual-Motor Behavior, Cognitive Theories, and Spatial Development
Perceptual-Motor Behavior and Cortical Function
Perceptual-Motor Behavior refers to actions that require the involvement of the cortex as a computer of sensory information, providing basic consistency to conduct. Through movement and perceptual-motor behaviors, children achieve the following developmental milestones:
- Spatial organization of the body schema and orientation.
- Graphical representation and expression.
- Rhythm and motor activity.
- Perception of the senses: color, shape, textures, sounds, etc.