Key Concepts and Theories in Human Development
Factors Influencing Human Development
Human development is shaped by a complex interplay of various factors:
Inheritance
Inheritance: Innate influences on development, transmitted by genes inherited from parents.
Environment
Environment: All non-genetic influences on development, external to the individual.
Maturity
Maturity: The natural sequence of physical and behavioral patterns, often associated with age, including the speed to master new skills.
Types of Influences on Development
Normative Influences
Normative
Human Memory Systems: Storage, Retrieval, and Forgetting
Understanding Human Memory Systems
Human memory is a complex system responsible for encoding, storing, and retrieving information. It is broadly categorized into three main types:
Sensory Memory (SM)
Sensory Memory (SM) is the initial stage of memory that records sensations and recognizes the physical characteristics of stimuli. It has a large capacity, with a dedicated subsystem for each sense. Its duration is very brief, depending on the sensory modality:
- Echoic memory (auditory) lasts for approximately
Personality Psychology Fundamentals: Core Concepts & Approaches
Understanding Personality Psychology: Core Concepts
Goal of Personality Psychology
The goal of personality psychology is to understand and explain individual differences in behavior, thoughts, and feelings, and to explore how these traits emerge and develop over time. It aims to understand the consistency and individual uniqueness in how people think, act, and feel across different situations and over time.
Defining Personality: Funder’s Perspective
Funder defines personality as the individual differences
Read MoreUniversity Thesis Essentials: Research, Types, and Success
Undergraduate Thesis: Definition and Purpose
An undergraduate thesis is a research project required and controlled by the university. Its primary aim is to develop knowledge, attain new insights, and adhere to scientific principles.
University Thesis and Scientific Research Relationship
The relationship lies in applying the rules of the scientific research process to university research.
What is Research?
Research is the act of investigating or inquiring, in its natural and generic sense.
Defining Scientific
Read MoreKey Concepts in Psychology & Organizational Behavior
Psychology: Understanding Human Behavior
Psychology is a scientific discipline that seeks to understand human behavior through scientific methods and the study of mental processes. Its primary aim is to improve the quality of life. The core goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior.
Psychology encompasses two main areas:
- Basic Research: Focused on understanding the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of phenomena. Fundamental questions include the nature of free will, the comparison of
Behavior Therapy Foundations: Conditioning, Social Learning, and REBT
Chapter 8: Foundations of Behavior Therapy
Behavior therapy is based on Ivan Pavlov’s concept of classical conditioning and B. F. Skinner’s work on operant conditioning. Studies on observational learning also provided a background for the development of psychotherapeutic behavioral techniques. Behavior therapists have been able to apply basic principles such as reinforcement, extinction, shaping of behavior, and modeling to help clients.
In behavior therapy, there has been a general trend from
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