Understanding Society: Key Concepts and Definitions
Key Concepts of Social Structures and Human Behavior
Power and Institutions
Power: Physical or material ability. Power compels others to obey and brings an end to resistance.
Institutions: Ordered systems with common interests that perform social functions.
Organizations: A set of people with a common objective.
Groups: Entities with differentiated parts: primary, secondary, and reference groups.
Ideology, Utopia, and Norms
Ideology: Values and beliefs that give rise to feelings and objectives, aiming
Read MoreUnderstanding Childhood Friendships and Parenting Styles
Social Relations in Early Childhood
All definitions of friendship share these common elements:
- Friendship involves a unique connection not found in other relationships.
- It is emotional in nature.
- Friends appreciate each other.
- It is a reciprocal and concrete process, similar to the social nature of addiction.
Difference Between Friendship and Attachment
Friendship is a voluntary link; friends are chosen, whereas parents are not. It is a dyadic relationship that is symmetrical and reciprocal. Both members
Sensory-Motor & Cognitive-Linguistic Development: Key Milestones & Interventions
Unit 3: Symptoms and intervention in sensory motor problems
- According to general principles of development, explain: discontinuity/continuity principle and hierarchy.
Discontinuity/ continuity: Development is a continuous process interrupted by rapid changes.
Hierarchy: social areas mature earlier than prefrontal and associative areas.
- Which senses develop inside a mother’s womb?
Touch and taste
- Mention and describe the 4 types of crying
Hunger: (regular and rhythmical)
Pain: (Intense)
Rage: (intense
Read MoreEthical Standards and Research Methods in Psychology
Ethical Standards in Psychological Research
Three Ethical Standards
- Informed Consent: Participants must be fully informed about the research.
- Institutional Approval: Research must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB).
- Deception in Research: Use of deception must be justified and followed by debriefing.
- Debriefing: Participants are informed about the true nature of the study afterward.
Seven Characteristics of Science
- Finds general rules
- Collects objective evidence
- Makes testable statements
- Adopts
Brain Hemispheres, Language, and Neurological Disorders
Brain Hemispheres and Contralateral Control
Each hemisphere, left (L) or right (R), controls the contralateral side of the body. Some movements, like facial expressions or movements of the trunk, are controlled by both hemispheres.
Speech production is controlled in the majority of people by the L hemisphere.
Hemispheric Communication
Hemispheres communicate by means of:
- Corpus Callosum
- Anterior commissure
- Hippocampal commissure
- Other small commissures
Cutting the Corpus Callosum
Cutting the Corpus Callosum
Read MoreScientific Method and Characteristics of Living Things
The Scientific Method
The scientific method refers to the commonly accepted procedures followed by the scientific community. It consists of five stages:
- Observation: The object defines the problem to be explained. Data related to a particular phenomenon is collected and sorted.
- Hypothesis: Possible explanations for the observed problem are proposed.
- Experimentation: Different experiments are designed to test the hypothesis, focusing on the phenomenon under study.
- Analysis of Results: The results are