Discussion Group Technique in Social Research

Both social psychology and sociology utilize groups. The technique was quickly disseminated by psychotherapy in the 1930s and 40s, and by the 1950s, it was very popular in the field of market research (as seen in “The Focused Interview” by Merton, Fiske, and Kendall).
Subsequently, it has been introduced in other areas, such as the evaluation and implementation of social programs, and even in the application of quantitative techniques like surveys (questionnaire design).
In social work, there

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Understanding Consumer Behavior: Psychology Principles

Psychology and Consumer Behavior

Psychology: The study of human behavior and its bodily manifestations, conscious or unconscious.

Social behaviors (we all align similarly). Bodily behavior.

Unconscious Behaviors

Unconscious behaviors: These are drives (unexpected), obsessive behaviors or routines, and needs arising from the unconscious.

Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis: Describes certain behaviors at a conscious or unconscious level.

Oedipus Complex

Describes the birth of personality.

Marketing will lack emotional

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Key Concepts in Psychology: Conditioning, Learning, and Personality

Defense Mechanisms

According to Freud, anxiety is the price we pay for civilization. As members of society, we must control our impulses and not act on them. Thus, we protect ourselves from experiencing negative feelings, like guilt and anxiety, through defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are unconscious mental operations that minimize anxiety by denying or distorting reality.

Example: Repression is the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from

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Understanding Interpersonal Dynamics and Social Connections

Key Concepts in Social Interaction and Group Formation

Interpersonal Dynamics and Social Connections

Artist’s Circle: A small group of peers who work together for an extended period (a collaborative circle).

Five-Factor Model: A model of the primary dimensions that structure individual differences in personality.

  • Extraversion: The degree to which an individual tends to seek out social contacts.
  • Agreeableness: The degree to which an individual tends to respond positively across situations.

Relationality:

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Understanding Newborn Assessment and Child Development

Apgar Score: Newborn Assessment

The Apgar score is a standard scoring system that allows hospitals to quickly and objectively assess the state of a newborn.

  • Appearance (color of the child)
  • Pulse (heart rate)
  • Grimace (reflex irritability)
  • Activity (muscle tone)
  • Respiration (respiratory effort of the baby)

Understanding Child Development

Physical Development and Health

Reflexes: Automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimuli.

Visual Preference: The tendency of an infant to look at certain stimuli more

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Understanding Psychosexual Development Stages

Psychosexual Development

The individual goes through different stages of evolution in which changes occur in themselves and their relationships with others. These are called stages of evolution of the libido; libido is the energy that corresponds to sexuality.

In these phases, the individual seeks various forms of sexual satisfaction and fantasies.

Latency Stage

It is a stage that is used in acquiring the necessary skills for life. They forget childhood sexual experiences, and this allows for schooling.

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