Influences on the Development of Psychology: A Historical Overview
Influences on the Development of Psychology
Scientific Influences
Much of the methodology used in psychological research was adapted from other sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology, and physiology. Chapter 2 will discuss these methodologies in detail, but it’s worth briefly mentioning some of the key contributions.
Physics and chemistry provided methodology and insights into sensations and perceptions, which quickly became part of the developing field of physiology. The biological theory
Read MoreUnderstanding Social Sciences: Culture, Society, and Mental Health
Anthropology & Sociology
Global Study of Human Societies
Anthropology is the global study of the variability of human societies.
Scientific Study of Human Social Life
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life.
Evolutionists
Evolutionists focus on the similarities in changing societies.
Social Interactions
Social interactions encompass the real social behavior of individuals and groups.
Functionalist Perspective
The functionalist perspective emphasizes consensus on values, order, and stability.
Read MoreParadigms & Models of Teaching and Learning: A Comprehensive Guide
Item 2. – PARADIGM AS-M MODELS OF TEACHING-DIDÁCTICOS LEARNING
2.1 .- Paradigms and Models of Teaching and Learning
Concept of Paradigm
The “March substantive theory in which science develops and commonly accepted as a means of investigation.”
Concept Model
The Model is a simplified presentation of reality, which helps us to explain, teach, improve or reconstruct.
2.1.1 .- Major Paradigms that Influence the Teaching-Learning Process
Behavioral Paradigm
Some Characteristic Features:
- Basic metaphor: the machine.
Understanding Organizational Behavior: Individuals, Groups, and Structure
Organizational Behavior: An Overview
Organizational behavior studies how individuals, groups, and the environment influence behavior within organizations to improve business efficiency. Adapting to individual differences is crucial for achieving organizational success.
Defining Organizational Behavior
Several authors have defined organizational behavior:
- Stephen Robbins (1998): “A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within organizations to
Human Behavior and Mental Phenomena
1. Introduction to Behavior and Consciousness
1.1 Behavior
Behavior is the individual’s reaction to reality. It encompasses mental processes and states, giving continuity and identity to individuals.
1.2 Intentionality and Intimacy
Intentionality is the property of mental states (beliefs, memories, desires) to refer to something. This distinguishes mental states from other states.
Intimacy refers to the direct accessibility of mental states to the subject.
1.3 Consciousness and Self-Awareness
Consciousness
Read MoreClassical Conditioning: Key Concepts and Techniques
Chapter 3: Learning Associations
Learning Object
Learn associations between different elements of an object stimulus.
Key Concepts and Techniques
Autoshaping
A variation of signal tracking.
Short Delay Conditioning
A classical conditioning technique where the conditioned stimulus (CS) begins shortly before the unconditioned stimulus (US).
Trace Conditioning
A classical conditioning technique where the US is presented after a brief period following the CS.
Inhibitory Conditioning
A classical conditioning technique
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