Influences on the Development of Psychology: A Historical Overview

Influences on the Development of Psychology

Scientific Influences

Much of the methodology used in psychological research was adapted from other sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology, and physiology. Chapter 2 will discuss these methodologies in detail, but it’s worth briefly mentioning some of the key contributions.

Physics and chemistry provided methodology and insights into sensations and perceptions, which quickly became part of the developing field of physiology. The biological theory

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Understanding Social Sciences: Culture, Society, and Mental Health

Anthropology & Sociology

Global Study of Human Societies

Anthropology is the global study of the variability of human societies.

Scientific Study of Human Social Life

Sociology is the scientific study of human social life.

Evolutionists

Evolutionists focus on the similarities in changing societies.

Social Interactions

Social interactions encompass the real social behavior of individuals and groups.

Functionalist Perspective

The functionalist perspective emphasizes consensus on values, order, and stability.

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Paradigms & Models of Teaching and Learning: A Comprehensive Guide

Item 2. – PARADIGM AS-M MODELS OF TEACHING-DIDÁCTICOS LEARNING

2.1 .- Paradigms and Models of Teaching and Learning

Concept of Paradigm

The “March substantive theory in which science develops and commonly accepted as a means of investigation.”

Concept Model

The Model is a simplified presentation of reality, which helps us to explain, teach, improve or reconstruct.

2.1.1 .- Major Paradigms that Influence the Teaching-Learning Process

Behavioral Paradigm
Some Characteristic Features:
  • Basic metaphor: the machine.
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Understanding Organizational Behavior: Individuals, Groups, and Structure

Organizational Behavior: An Overview

Organizational behavior studies how individuals, groups, and the environment influence behavior within organizations to improve business efficiency. Adapting to individual differences is crucial for achieving organizational success.

Defining Organizational Behavior

Several authors have defined organizational behavior:

  • Stephen Robbins (1998): “A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within organizations to
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Human Behavior and Mental Phenomena

1. Introduction to Behavior and Consciousness

1.1 Behavior

Behavior is the individual’s reaction to reality. It encompasses mental processes and states, giving continuity and identity to individuals.

1.2 Intentionality and Intimacy

Intentionality is the property of mental states (beliefs, memories, desires) to refer to something. This distinguishes mental states from other states.

Intimacy refers to the direct accessibility of mental states to the subject.

1.3 Consciousness and Self-Awareness

Consciousness

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Classical Conditioning: Key Concepts and Techniques

Chapter 3: Learning Associations

Learning Object

Learn associations between different elements of an object stimulus.

Key Concepts and Techniques

Autoshaping

A variation of signal tracking.

Short Delay Conditioning

A classical conditioning technique where the conditioned stimulus (CS) begins shortly before the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Trace Conditioning

A classical conditioning technique where the US is presented after a brief period following the CS.

Inhibitory Conditioning

A classical conditioning technique

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