Introduction to Philosophy and Social Thought
Greek Society in Crisis
During the 8th to the 7th centuries BC, Greek society underwent a period of crisis and transformation. As populations grew and cities emerged, traditional personal ties weakened, leading to the formation of new social classes and values. This transition culminated in the rise of the Greek polis as a novel political, economic, and social organization. The polis was characterized by:
- Rationalization: Life within the city was structured by stable laws.
- Abstraction: The polis organization
Effective Communication: Elements, Functions, and Text Properties
ITEM 3: COMMUNICATION
1. Communication Concept
Communication is the act of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver using signals or signs.
2. Schools of Communication
a) Non-Human Communication
This type of communication features animals or machines, such as a handshake between individuals.
b) Human Communication
Human communication is fundamental. Without it, no other form of communication would exist. It is an essential characteristic of human beings, who can be defined as “communicating
Read MoreConnotative and Denotative Meaning, Sentence Structure, and Textual Analysis
Connotative vs. Denotative Meaning
Denotative meaning is the objective meaning of a word found in dictionaries. For example, “sky” denotes the space above the earth.
Connotative meaning is the subjective meaning a word acquires based on common situations or feelings within a group. For example, “sky” can connote happiness or freedom.
Polysemy, Monosemy, Synonymy, and Antonymy
Polysemy refers to words with multiple meanings. Monosemy refers to words with a single meaning. Synonymy refers to words with
Read MoreLinguistic Signs: Characteristics, Functions, and Oral Language
Linguistic Sign Characteristics
1. Solidarity
Linguistic signs are highly interconnected, meaning they mutually need each other to exist. A sequence of sounds not associated with a meaning is not a linguistic sign. Conversely, a meaning isn’t transmitted without a sign; thus, they need each other.
2. Arbitrariness
Arbitrariness is unmotivated, arising from a convention among speakers. If we observe a particular linguistic sign, the sequence forming the sign has no inherent connection with the concept
Read MoreThe Life and Adventures of Lázaro de Tormes
1. The Blind Beggar
Lázaro, born on the banks of the Tormes River, endures a difficult childhood. After his thieving father’s death, his mother marries a black man. Facing prejudice, Lázaro’s mother sends him to serve a blind beggar. The beggar, though cruel, teaches Lázaro street smarts and survival tactics. Lázaro, driven by hunger, resorts to trickery to steal food from the blind man. He unpicks the beggar’s bread bag, hides pieces of white bread, sips wine through a straw, and creates
Read MoreOedipus Rex: Tragedy of Fate and Free Will
Sophocles
Oedipus Rex
CHARACTERS
Oedipus.
Priest.
Creon.
Chorus of Theban elders.
Tiresias.
Jocasta.
Messenger.
Layo server.
Another messenger.
(In front of the palace of Oedipus, at Thebes.
A group of elders and young people are sitting on the steps of the altar, in supplication, carrying olive branches. The Priest of Zeus is advanced only to the palace. Oedipus comes out followed by two assistants and provides the group in silence. Then address them.)
Oedipus
– Oh children, new descendants