Sir Gawain, Melibee, Patience: Medieval Texts

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

After the siege and the assault at Troy had ended,
And the city broken down and burned to brands and ashes,
The man, the traitor, who trammels of treason there wrought,
Was tried for his treachery, the foulest on earth.

It was Aeneas the noble and his high kin
Who later conquered other provinces and became lords
Of well-nigh all the wealth in the Western Isles:
Forth rich Romulus came to Rome quickly,
With great magnificence, he built up that city first,
And names it

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Gilgamesh, Ruth, Psalms, Nights: Key Questions Answered

Key Questions on Gilgamesh, Ruth, Psalms, and More

Gilgamesh’s Quest for Immortality

Gilgamesh’s quest for immortality begins after the death of his friend Enkidu. He fears his own mortality and seeks to regain the strength the gods had granted him, which they were now taking away as punishment.

Aruru’s Creation of Enkidu

Aruru created Enkidu to challenge Gilgamesh and diminish his power. The people complained about Gilgamesh’s arrogance and his treatment of women.

The Divine Flood

The flood was sent

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Saint Teresa, Protestant Reformation, and European Shifts

Saint Teresa of Ávila

Saint Teresa, born in 1515 in Ávila, was the sixth of twelve siblings. At age 15, her father sent her to the Augustinian convent in Ávila. Of a rebellious and dreamy spirit, she always showed a special interest in reading the lives of the saints, which led to reading novels and books about knights with her brother Rodrigo. She had a special sensitivity toward solitude and prayer. At 20, she ran away to join the Carmelite Convent of the Incarnation.

Shortly after, she suffered

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Ramon Llull: Life, Works, and Missionary Efforts

Ramon Llull

Ramon Llull (1232-1316) is considered one of the creators of literary Catalan and one of the first to use a Romance language to transmit philosophical, scientific, and technical knowledge, in addition to novels. He was a writer, mystic, scientific popularizer, missionary, theologian, Franciscan monk, and alchemist. He wrote in Occitan, Catalan, Arabic, and Latin.

From Birth to Conversion

Llull was born in Palma de Mallorca between 1232 and 1233. He was the son of Ramon Amat Llull and Isabel

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Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba: History and Architectural Marvels

The Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba: A Historical Overview

During the Islamic occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, dividing spaces for different religions was a common practice, especially when conquests involved peaceful surrenders.

Early History (784-788)

  • 784-785: Muslims in the Mozarabic community purchased their share of the Basilica, eventually acquiring the entire site after demolishing the existing structure.
  • 785-786: Construction began on the first mosque of Córdoba, financed by Emir Abd-al Rahman
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Gratian: The Father of Canon Law

Gratian: Father of Canon Law (12th Century)

Gratian (Medieval Latin: Gratianus) was a canon lawyer from Bologna. He flourished in the mid-12th century. Little else is known about his biography.

He is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Franciscus Gratianus, Johannes Gratian, or Giovanni Graziano. For a long time, he was believed to have been born at the end of the 11th century, at Chiusi in Tuscany. He was said to have become a monk at Camaldoli and then he taught at the monastery of St. Felix in

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