Marxism, Anarchism, and Workers’ Movements
Marxism: Origins and Philosophy
Marxism is the set of political and philosophical doctrines derived from the work of Karl Marx, a German philosopher and revolutionary journalist who contributed in fields such as sociology, economics, and history, and his friend Friedrich Engels, who helped him in many of their theoretical developments. To distinguish it from later derived currents, the Marxism proposed by Marx and Engels has been called scientific socialism.
Key Philosophical Influences
Historically,
Read MoreKarl Marx: Philosophy, Influences, and Historical Setting
Karl Marx: Life, Context, and Thought
Biographical Sketch
Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in Trier. After studying at the high school in Trier, Marx enrolled in university, initially pursuing law but focusing on history and philosophy. He completed his studies in 1841, writing his thesis on The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature. His ideas at that time were still Hegelian idealist. In Berlin, he associated with the circle of ‘Young Hegelians’ (including Bruno
Read MoreCharacteristics of Scientific and Technical Language
Language in Scientific and Technical Texts
The scientific and technical discourse is typical of scientific disciplines and, along with other discourses, is called professional language. Science tries to explain the laws governing the phenomena that make up our physical reality. Hence, the need for precision in this type of universal knowledge means that scientific-technical discourse has the following general characteristics:
- Universality
- Verifiability
- Objectivity
- Clarity
- Rigor
Scientific-technical texts
Read MoreClass Formation and Labor Movements in 19th Century Spain
Emergence of Class Society in 19th Century Spain
Economic Principles of Capitalism
The division of society shifted towards classes based on ownership and economic roles: owners, middle classes, and workers. New economic relationships emerged:
- Mutual Agreement: Formalized through contracts.
- Wealth Distribution: Through wages, profits, and rent.
- Income Sources: Rent from land (landowners), return on investment (capitalists), and wages from labor (salaried workers).
The New Ruling Class Structure
- Nobility:
John Dewey’s Progressive Education
John Dewey: Progressive Pedagogy (1859-1952)
His written work includes 37 volumes covering philosophical, social, psychological, and educational issues. Practical, moral, and civic commitment permeates a vital career devoted to social reform in education. He showed that it is possible to reconcile theoretical and research work with a playful and open practice.
Pragmatism: Key Concepts
Pragmatism is located within American philosophy (an alternative to German philosophy). It is characterized by a dynamic
Read MoreMarxist Education: Concept of Man & Pedagogy
Educational Implications of Marxist Socialism: A New Philosophy of Human Being. A Pedagogy of Work. General Characteristics of His Teaching.
The Concept of Man
A Being of Nature
From nature comes the high point of man in a dialectic of evolution from matter, when all the forces of life converge to give that great leap to consciousness. Value originates with nature, without any reason for exaltation of nature and naturalism. Marx gives a more economical account of action on nature, transforming it to
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