Spain’s ‘Revolution from Above’: Maura and Canalejas Era
The “Revolution from Above”: Maura and Canalejas’s Reforms
With some nuances, Maura and Canalejas shared a common purpose, albeit with different programs. They sought to transform the political system from the top down, led by those at the helm of the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The Liberal Party: From Clientelism to Ideological Blurring
The Liberal Party had historically been characterized by its focus on clientelism and regional interests. Following Canalejas’s death, the party’s ideological
Read MoreSpain’s 1869 Constitution: Liberal Reforms & Legacy
Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Progressive Reforms
Genesis and Core Principles
Context of the 1868 Revolution
This authentic historical document, the Constitution of 1869, was drafted by deputies in the Constituent Assembly after the progressives won the election in 1868. Liberals were among the more moderate elements of the revolutionary movement.
Pillars of the New Charter
This constitution was progressive in nature. It established the national sovereignty of Spain as a state and as a parliamentary monarchy.
Read MoreAccident Investigation Process: Preventing Recurrence
Any accident investigation seeks to discover as accurately as possible the circumstances and risk situations that led to its occurrence. The goal is to identify causes by understanding the facts. To achieve this, the investigation should follow five successive stages: data collection, data integration, determination of causes, selection of main causes, and management of causes. The ultimate aim is to eliminate the accident’s determinants, prevent recurrence, and apply lessons learned to enhance
Read MoreMarx’s Philosophy: Man, Alienation, Materialism
Marx’s View of Man and Alienation
Alienation, in Marx’s anthropology, is a historical situation resulting from a specific socioeconomic organization. This organization related to work constitutes human essence.
Characteristics of Man
- Man is a natural being with natural needs for subsistence. Work is the means to satisfy these needs.
- Man is not the only being that separates itself from nature through work; through work, man seeks to transform nature to serve his purposes.
- The consideration of work as
Cultural and Educational Shifts in 19th Century Spain
Cultural Transformations in 19th Century Spain
Cultural changes in 19th-century Spain made their way with difficulty due to strong resistance and the survival of the old official ecclesiastical culture.
Key Characteristics of 19th Century Spanish Culture
- Limited influence of European trends.
- Coexistence between tradition (mainly ecclesiastical) and progress.
- High degree of illiteracy.
- Limited interest in culture and science.
It is difficult to speak of a uniform mentality across all social groups. For
Read MoreComparative Politics: Electoral Systems and Analytical Methods
Comparative Political Analysis
Hypothesis: Countries that use proportional representation are more likely to have multi-party legislatures than countries that use first-past-the-post voting systems.
In comparative politics, the method of agreement and the method of difference are tools we use to figure out what might be causing certain political outcomes by comparing different countries. They help us look beyond surface differences and get to the root of what really matters.
The Method of Agreement
The
Read More