Kant’s Critical Philosophy and the Enlightenment
Immanuel Kant: 18th-Century Philosophy
Kant lived in the mid-eighteenth century, a century that began with the War of Succession to the Spanish crown, representing the final collapse of Spanish power and the ideas of the Ancien Régime. England’s thriving, carrying the Enlightenment ideas, led all experts to address the eighteenth century from a rational perspective. England in the eighteenth century followed this, defined by the rise of the bourgeoisie, which would cause, in a time of remarkable
Understanding Sociology: Key Concepts and Thinkers
Definition of Sociology
Sociology is the science concerned with the study of social elements, both subjective and objective. It analyzes these elements and the relationships between them and the products they generate. Sociology studies specific phenomena at specific times and grapples with the problem of reflexivity (where the object of study is self-aware). Since its inception, sociology has had a dual nature: conservative (seeking to restore order) and revolutionary (seeking laws to understand
Read MoreDescartes and Modernity: Philosophy, Politics, and Culture
Historical and Cultural Context of Descartes
Historical-Cultural Context: The philosopher René Descartes (1596-1650) is considered the father of modern philosophy and the initiator of Rationalism. His seminal work, *Discourse on Method* (1637), comprises six parts and was published alongside *Dioptrics, Meteors, and Geometry*. In *Discourse on Method*, Descartes proposes to establish the foundations of his philosophy, first by defining a method and its rules, and then by applying it to the search
Read MoreCitizen Values and Community Social Work
Item 3: Citizen Values and Community Social Work: Empowering People from Community Experience
1. Introduction
Community social work demands a specific approach to values, to what we mean by being, by happiness, by a decent life. Its aim is precisely to enhance our ability to do through community experience. It is through interaction with others—dialogue, agreement, discussion, joint evaluation, and participation—that we strengthen our capabilities. Our personality is balanced and forged in social
Read MoreKnowledge, Science, and Social Sciences: A Deep Dive
First Part: Defining Knowledge and Science
What is Knowledge?
Human nature, besides its ability to transform, allows adaptation to any environment. This stems from the origin and experiences that happen throughout life. Knowledge can be categorized in several ways:
- Intuitive: A person’s approach to something unfamiliar.
- Empirical: Knowledge essential for surviving environmental conditions.
- Religious: Different world religions establish moral codes.
- Philosophical: The ongoing need to understand life.
Education and Society: Welfare State Challenges
Module 4. Society and Education: Present and Future
1. Education and Social Welfare: The Welfare State
Education has become a consumer product of the welfare state. The welfare state is required to meet the demand for education, whether through private or public institutions. However, not all layers of the population benefit equally, and education remains a source of inequality and political conflict.
We are in an era where consumer products, including education, are created according to consumption
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