Ireland’s Dual Identity: Gaeilge Revival and Economic Globalization

The Irish Language: History, Identity, and Decline

Gaeilge: A Pillar of Irish Cultural Identity

The Irish language, or Gaeilge, was once the main language spoken in Ireland. It is more than a simple means of communication; it represents a way for people to share ideas, emotions, and traditions. It also serves as a community bond, a sense of identity, and a link to historical memory. Through language, communities preserve their culture and distinguish themselves from others, making it an essential

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Key Concepts in 19th Century History and Indian Nationalism

European History and the Rise of Nationalism

The Age of Revolution: 1830–1848

  • Bourbon kings were overthrown to set up a constitutional monarchy in July 1830.
  • National feeling was the main focus area.
  • Greece was struggling for independence, which was part of the Ottoman Empire.
  • Greece was declared an independent nation in the Treaty of Constantinople, signed in 1832.
  • German philosopher, Johann Gottfried Herder, discovered the culture of common people through music, dance, and folk poetry.
  • There were fewer
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Mercantilism and Neomercantilism in Global Trade

The Evolution of Mercantilism in Political Economy

Mercantilism is a state-centric perspective of international political economy (IPE) that prioritizes national security, power, and economic sovereignty. Originating between the 15th and 19th centuries, classical mercantilism focused on generating trade surpluses through export promotion and import restriction. States aimed to accumulate wealth, particularly in the form of gold and silver, to finance military strength and ensure their dominance.

According

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NPO Management and Hong Kong Social Welfare History

Non-Profit Organization (NPO) Fundamentals

Defining NPOs and Their Characteristics

From an academic viewpoint, NPOs exhibit the following characteristics:

  • Organized: Structured operations and governance.
  • Private: Institutionally separate from government.
  • Non-Profit Distributing: Surplus revenue is reinvested, not distributed to owners or directors.
  • Self-Governing: Able to control their own activities.
  • Voluntary: Relying significantly on voluntary participation and contributions.

NPO Functions and Impacts

The

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Global Society Dynamics: Governance, Diversity, and Progress

The Dynamics of Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism promotes the coexistence of multiple cultures, leading to greater exposure to diverse traditions, languages, cuisines, and worldviews. This societal structure brings both significant benefits and inherent challenges.

Benefits of Cultural Pluralism

  1. Cultural Pluralism and Social Enrichment: Multiculturalism promotes the coexistence of multiple cultures, leading to greater exposure to diverse traditions, languages, cuisines, and worldviews.
  2. Inclusive Society
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Key Concepts in Administrative and Political Theory

Foundational Theories of Public Administration

Garcia-Pelayo on Welfare State Administration

Garcia-Pelayo understood that the welfare state administration should be its executive arm. If the welfare state aims to ensure the economic and social status quo, this must be achieved through the administration.

Furthermore, the administration must provide the maximum possible welfare, addressing individual needs that cannot be met by the individual alone.

It should also establish and maintain the law through

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