Key Pillars of the Spanish Constitution: Rights, Powers, and Autonomy

Defining the Spanish State: Law and Monarchy

The Constitution defines Spain as a social and democratic state of law, establishing a political system based on the Parliamentary Monarchy.

Fundamental Rights and Social Commitments

The Constitution recognizes and guarantees democratic freedoms, abolishes the death penalty, and fixes the age of majority at 18.

Regarding religion, it does not recognize a state religion, but stipulates that the State must take into account the religiosity of the Spanish people

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Foundations and Principles of International Environmental Law

Defining Environmental Law and Policy

Environmental law and policy consist of regulations, statutes, and agreements at local, national, and international levels designed to protect the environment and establish legal consequences for damage.

Importance of Environmental Law

These laws and policies are crucial because they:

  • Protect public health and conserve natural resources.
  • Ensure people’s legal right to live in a safe, clean, and healthy environment.
  • Balance economic activity with sustainability.
  • Safeguard
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History of Deaf Culture and Education in America

Citizenship and Education: The Black Deaf Community

Key Constitutional Amendments

  • 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery.
  • 14th Amendment (1868): Defined citizenship.
  • 15th Amendment (1870): Prohibited voting discrimination based on race.

Education Barriers for Black Deaf Americans

  • Slavery laws prohibited education for Black Americans, including Black Deaf individuals.
  • Post-Civil War, separate schools for Black Deaf students emerged, often inferior in resources compared to White Deaf schools.
  • Desegregation:
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Ireland’s Transformation: Language Revival and Economic Globalization

The Irish Language: Identity, History, and Revival

Language is one of the most important parts of any culture. It is not only a way to communicate but also a symbol of community, identity, and history. For the Irish people, the Irish language (Gaeilge) represents a deep connection with their past and their national identity. However, over time, the position of Irish has changed, and today it faces both challenges and opportunities for revival.

Defining Language and Its Cultural Role

Language is fundamental

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Redefining Freedom: The American Progressive Era (1900-1917)

The Progressive Era’s Challenge to the Gilded Age

The Progressive Era, spanning roughly from 1900 to 1917, emerged as a multifaceted reform movement challenging the perceived excesses of the Gilded Age, particularly rapid industrialization, the overwhelming power of corporations, and rampant class conflict. Unlike previous movements, Progressives advocated for government interventionism, believing that government entities must actively step in to restore order and protect genuine freedom. While not

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The Establishment of the Second Spanish Republic, 1931

The End of the Monarchy (1930–1931)

Following the resignation of Primo de Rivera in 1930, King Alfonso XIII commissioned Dámaso Berenguer to form a new government.

The 1930 Pact of San Sebastián: This agreement aimed to create a provisional government, convene a Constituent Assembly, adopt a new constitution, and establish a new statute of autonomy for Catalonia. The ultimate goal was to overthrow the monarchy and declare a republic.

An attempted uprising by Republican army units and a planned

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