Globalization, Ethics, and Societal Challenges
Globalization and the Global Village
In the late ’60s, Marshall McLuhan introduced the idea of the global village, understanding human intercommunication as being generated by global electronic media. McLuhan argued that information travels via highways beyond natural borders, making men and women citizens of the world. Media can foster solidarity but can also shape opinions on controversial facts or actions.
Communication media (informing, disseminating ideas, creating opinion, aiding solidarity)
Read MoreMarxism, Anarchism, and Workers’ Movements
Marxism: Origins and Philosophy
Marxism is the set of political and philosophical doctrines derived from the work of Karl Marx, a German philosopher and revolutionary journalist who contributed in fields such as sociology, economics, and history, and his friend Friedrich Engels, who helped him in many of their theoretical developments. To distinguish it from later derived currents, the Marxism proposed by Marx and Engels has been called scientific socialism.
Key Philosophical Influences
Historically,
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Karl Marx: Life, Context, and Thought
Biographical Sketch
Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in Trier. After studying at the high school in Trier, Marx enrolled in university, initially pursuing law but focusing on history and philosophy. He completed his studies in 1841, writing his thesis on The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature. His ideas at that time were still Hegelian idealist. In Berlin, he associated with the circle of ‘Young Hegelians’ (including Bruno
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Language in Scientific and Technical Texts
The scientific and technical discourse is typical of scientific disciplines and, along with other discourses, is called professional language. Science tries to explain the laws governing the phenomena that make up our physical reality. Hence, the need for precision in this type of universal knowledge means that scientific-technical discourse has the following general characteristics:
- Universality
- Verifiability
- Objectivity
- Clarity
- Rigor
Scientific-technical texts
Read MoreClass Formation and Labor Movements in 19th Century Spain
Emergence of Class Society in 19th Century Spain
Economic Principles of Capitalism
The division of society shifted towards classes based on ownership and economic roles: owners, middle classes, and workers. New economic relationships emerged:
- Mutual Agreement: Formalized through contracts.
- Wealth Distribution: Through wages, profits, and rent.
- Income Sources: Rent from land (landowners), return on investment (capitalists), and wages from labor (salaried workers).
The New Ruling Class Structure
- Nobility:
John Dewey’s Progressive Education
John Dewey: Progressive Pedagogy (1859-1952)
His written work includes 37 volumes covering philosophical, social, psychological, and educational issues. Practical, moral, and civic commitment permeates a vital career devoted to social reform in education. He showed that it is possible to reconcile theoretical and research work with a playful and open practice.
Pragmatism: Key Concepts
Pragmatism is located within American philosophy (an alternative to German philosophy). It is characterized by a dynamic
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