Marxism: Key Concepts, Historical Materialism, and Critique of Capitalism

Marxism: Core Principles

Marxism is one of the most influential currents of the twentieth century, presented from several perspectives:

  1. A sociological and economic explanation of capitalist society.
  2. A theory of history that tries to be scientific.
  3. A revolutionary practice of transformation of society and economic and political reality.
  4. A critique of philosophy, aiming to change it.

Dialectical Materialism

According to Marxism, reality is material and dynamic, evolving from contradictory elements and obeying

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Education Philosophy: Models, Dimensions, and Pillars

Philosophy of Education

The task of a philosophy of education is the questioning of the foundations of the analysis of education itself. These fundamentals center on theoretical research to understand and evaluate current educational ideas within various institutions of enseñanza. It picks up on faith as a discipline to establish autonomous philosophical studies based on a specific problem and a methodology best suited to its faith. It must situate itself as a branch of philosophy, an autonomous

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18th Century France: Enlightenment and Neoclassicism

The 18th century in France saw the birth of the Enlightenment. Its key features include:

  • Reason as the Keyword: The primary intention was to illustrate and illuminate through logic.
  • Dominance of Optimism: A belief in progress and human potential prevailed.
  • Political Context: Initially characterized by enlightened despotism, tensions grew, leading to the French Revolution and the subsequent Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Culture, Art, and Science

This era brought changes of all kinds:

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Analysis: Moix’s Julia & Spain’s 2008 Youth Report

Option A: Ana María Moix – Julia Analysis

Source: Ana María Moix. Julia. Barcelona: Lumen, 1991, pp. 9-10.

1.1 Text Summary

The text recounts the feelings of a girl after a nightmare, remembering how comforting it was for a child when that happened.

1.2 Stylistic Analysis

  • Syntactic Viewpoint: The text is built using short phrases, giving it a fast-paced and choppy rhythm.
  • Lexical Viewpoint: Emphasis on specific nouns: tremor, palpitations, pain (unbearable), screams, horror, respiration (contained,
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The Evolution of Education Systems and Economic Impact

Education Today

Historical Perspective

Typically, we associate education with lectures delivered in purpose-built facilities. However, before the invention of the printing press in 1454, access to culture and knowledge was limited to certain privileged classes, as the circulation and distribution of hand-copied books were scarce. Since the advent of printing, literacy rates have increased in most industrialized and developing countries.

Literacy allows us to be better informed about world events and

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Spain 1917: UGT & CNT Manifesto Against WWI Inequality

The 1917 UGT & CNT Manifesto in Spain

This manifesto, primarily with economic and social content, was drafted by the General Union of Workers (UGT) and the National Labor Confederation (CNT) in 1917 with the goal of achieving the widest possible distribution.

Context: WWI Economic Impact on Spain

The UGT, with its socialist ideology, and the CNT, with its anarchist ideology, drafted this text to highlight the situation in Spain and the serious social damage caused by the economic policy adopted

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