Beaker Culture: Bronze Age Pottery and Social Status

Beaker Culture

The Beaker culture is an archaeological culture of the Bronze Age, dating from approximately 2650 BC to 1900 BC.

Phases

  • 2650-2500 BC: Maritime Beaker and corded ware
  • 2600-2300 BC: Beaker-2
  • 2400-2100 BC: Regional late styles

It developed in Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Morocco, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. The Beaker Culture gets its name from the manufacture of bell-shaped ceramic decorated by incision bands. The interiors of these incisions were sometimes

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Organizational Functions, Structures, and Communication Strategies

Organizational Functions

Steering an organization requires developing relevant planning. It is very difficult for a company to run efficiently without elaborate planning determined in advance. The company organizes tasks performed by each department, with different levels (e.g., managers, employees). Stages of organizational functions involve considering several aspects and determining organizational levels. The functions and objectives must be clear and concrete. Each person should know whom to

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Social Services in Spain: Organization, Legislation, and Key Programs

Organization of Social Services in Spain

Organization and Development of Social Services

There are three main axes:

  1. The Spanish Constitution of 1978: Sets the foundation for the development of social services and social assistance.
  2. The Statutes of Autonomy: Grant Autonomous Communities exclusive powers in matters of assistance and social services.
  3. The Health System: Plays a crucial role in upholding basic rights and integrating disadvantaged populations.

The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs plays

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Libertarian and Anarchist Education: Key Figures and Principles

The terms “libertarian” and “anarchist” are often considered synonymous in everyday life. In the field of education, libertarian guidance advocates for absolute freedom for the student. In practice, libertarian ideology rejects authoritarian behavior and gives children the full range of options, eliminating the adult’s imposition of their will. The libertarian movement refuses state initiative in education.

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)

Leo Tolstoy was born into a noble family at the paternal farm of Yasnaya

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Karl Marx: Materialism, Alienation, and Class Struggle

Section 3: The Problem of Reality

Marx has a conception of reality and rejects dialectical materialism, idealism, and metaphysical materialism. In contrast, he overcomes the reality of thought and sees reality as a dialectical process of material production. Thus, the dialectic is material. For Marx, reality is the material activity; real life is the practical and productive human activity, which produces real men. Physically, real history is that of the modes of material production. Moreover, he

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Latin American State Formation & Economic Shifts: 1880-1910

Semi-State Formation in Latin America

The imperialist drive of the second half of the nineteenth century laid the basis for the establishment of a new colonial pact between Latin American countries and European industrial centers. This new order involved a situation of economic dependence, where the incorporation of Latin American societies into the international capitalist market determined their specialization in the production of exportable raw materials and food. Unlike colonial states, economic

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