Durkheim and the Rise of Sociology of Education in the 19th Century
The Historical Context of the Emergence of the Sociology of Education
Durkheim’s Approach in the 19th Century
The concept of the sociology of education appeared in the 19th century, developed by Émile Durkheim. It was shaped by a social revolution in which the bourgeoisie gained power, becoming the foundation for companies to replace the estate system. These estates were established during the Middle Ages, where social rank was divided into nobility, clergy, and peasants.
Later, in the 15th century,
Read MoreSecondary Sector: Industry, Energy, and Economic Development
The secondary sector encompasses activities that involve the processing of food and raw materials through various, more productive processes. This sector typically includes steel, construction, mechanical engineering, chemistry, textiles, the production of consumer goods, computer hardware, and more.
Industry
Industry is the set of processes and activities aimed at transforming raw materials into processed products in bulk. To function, industry requires raw materials, machinery, and equipment.
Energy
Energy
Read More17th Century Europe: Crises and Transformations
Economic and Social Upheaval
By the middle of the 16th century, Europe began a series of crises that would last throughout the 17th century. These corresponded socially with the development of the bourgeoisie and ideologically with the need to experience a new worldview based on the concept of Reason. There were three main difficulties:
A) Economic and social crisis: The development of capitalism in this century was especially favored as a result of the growth of maritime trade, colonialism, and the
Read MoreMarxist and Nietzschean Concepts: A Comparative Analysis
Marxist Concepts
Productive Forces
The foundation of economic production, encompassing the means of work, objects of work, and labor power. These forces form the base or infrastructure of society.
Relations of Production
The social relationships that govern production, including the ownership of the means of production and the distribution of wealth. These relations, along with productive forces, constitute the base of any social formation.
Economic Structure
The interplay of productive forces and relations
Locke’s Political Thought: Historical Context and Liberal Influence
Historical Context of Locke’s Political Thought
Historical Context of Europe lived under the effects of a locked-in preponderance of the absolute monarchy. Power no longer came from God, but the average age, which was short, gave the monarch absolute power. Another fundamental element of European life was the Catholic Counter-Reformation against the Protestant movement, which had divided Europe, and England in particular, due to the authoritarianism of Henry VIII, who assumed the presidency of the
Read MoreEvolution of Labor Relations: From Industrial Revolution to Welfare State
Labor Relations System
Since the Industrial Revolution, a new system of labor relations (RR.LL.) emerged, where labor was exchanged for wages. Before this, labor was not exchanged for property, as in the case of slavery. The Industrial Revolution introduced the concept of labor for wages, leading to increased wealth and rapid growth in some countries. However, this wealth was not evenly distributed, accumulating in the hands of a few capitalists. The prevailing liberal state created wealth but struggled
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