Economic and Social Transformations: From Feudalism to Early Capitalism
Economy
A set of wealth-producing activities within a society.
Feudalism
A social, economic, and political system based on fiefs that prevailed in Western Europe from the 9th to the 15th centuries.
Renaissance
A cultural revitalization movement in Western Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. It represents the diffusion of humanism, which determined a new conception of man and the world.
Capitalism
Emerging in 16th-century Europe, capitalism is an economic system where individuals and companies produce
Read MorePhilosophical Influences on Educational Practices
Educational philosophy examines the impact of philosophical thought on educational problems. Several key questions arise: Does human nature fundamentally differ from animal nature? Does death mark an end, or is it a gateway to new life? What is the relationship between individuals and the nation? Is the state inherently powerful? Is freedom a right or a privilege?
The diverse answers to these questions reveal a lack of consensus, reflected in opposing educational practices and systems. It’s crucial
Read MoreWorkplace Well-being and Safety
Definition of Health at Work
Regulations and procedures designed to protect the physical and mental well-being of workers from health risks specific to their job responsibilities, functions, duties, and work environment.
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
A specialty focused on preserving workers’ health, particularly through analyzing industrial processes and operations involving high-risk chemical compounds.
Safety at Work
Crucial for ensuring worker security, confidence, and a positive attitude, leading
Read MoreEvolution of European Integration: From Coal to Common Market
Read MoreIntroduction: Process of European Creation
497 Million inhabitants and Europe has 27 countries, a project that materialized in the ECSC, EEC, and EAEC. There are 23 official languages and 2 founding treaties: 1952-CECA, and 1958 Rome EEC and Euratom. Reforms include 1993 Maastricht, 2003 Nice, and talks beginning in 1999 Amsterdam. The U.S. followed a similar idea in the 19th century but with nationalisms. The utopia was defended by Saint-Simon and Victor Hugo. Lemonier truncated the 20th century
Growth of International Trade and the Marshall Plan: A Historical Analysis
Why International Trade Grew in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
The internationalization of the world economy reached its peak between the late 19th century and World War I (WWI), a period often labeled as the first globalization. This era witnessed not only an increasing volume of cross-country trade and financial flows but also a convergence of prices, wages, and even per capita income in some cases. National economies became increasingly interconnected and interdependent, relying on international
Read MoreRousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel: Shaping Modern Education
Rousseau (1712-1778): Naturalism and Negative Education
Rousseau was a key figure in the Enlightenment, inspiring societal transformation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He advocated for republicanism and individual freedom. Like Aristotle, Rousseau saw education as crucial for shaping free citizens. In Emile (1762), he proposed a new pedagogy based on the child’s natural development.
Rousseau’s core ideas:
- The child is fundamentally different from an adult and has unique developmental