Spanish Realism and Naturalism: Society and Literature
4. Realism and Naturalism in Spain
4.1. Society
a) Time lag between population growth and economic development: while the population grows rapidly, industrialization only occurs in the Basque Country and Catalonia; the rest remains agricultural and semi-feudal. This is a pre-industrial nation.
b) The bourgeois liberal state is established, albeit with the threat of the Carlist civil wars and the weakness of the bourgeois class, which leads to political insecurity and military intervention in support
Understanding Cultural Anthropology: Second Birth, Laws, and Ethnocentrism
Why Humans Need a ‘Second Birth’
An example of the human transition from nature to society can be seen in the diverse rites by which human communities welcome a newborn in different cultures.
Such diversity suggests that the mere biological fact of birth is not enough to fully integrate an individual into society. A ‘second birth,’ a cultural one, is required to ensure that membership.
The same can be said about kinship structures being superimposed on biological relationships. The sociocultural notion
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Economy
It must be based on freedom, security, equality, and justice for the distribution of wealth, which we call freedom. It is the science that studies human behavior as a relationship between objectives and resources applied. Buying leads to happiness as well as moving the economy, whose resources are scarce.
Economic Good
The main nature, many are drawn directly, but other human beings are manufactured from these. Then, the goods industry helps put them on the market soon. There’s a philosophical
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Philosophical Issues
Positivism
Positivism focuses on observable facts, setting aside speculative constructs inherent in idealism. Auguste Comte (1798-1857), in his Course of Positive Philosophy (1830-1842), emphasized observing phenomena and identifying the laws governing their behavior, rather than seeking ultimate causes.
Marxist Philosophy
The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels was published in 1848. In 1847, Marx began publishing Capital. Marxist philosophy aims not only to interpret the world
Read MoreKant and the Enlightenment: Historical and Sociocultural Context
Historical Background
Kant was born in 1724 and died in 1804. The 18th century began with international conflicts over succession, such as the Spanish Crown, which pitted the European powers against each other. After thirteen years of hostilities, the Austrian Succession War arose in 1740. Britain and France were the main players in this conflict, seeking to improve their economies, expand their territories, and achieve greater hegemony.
This led to two major events of the time: the independence of
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Empowering Communities Through Organizational Practices
1. A Practice for Engaging Organizational Populations in Improving Their Living Conditions
Community Work must be differentiated from other practices that do not have the organizational hub of the population or the formation of a group around a Community Work comunitario. The project builds on the concept of self; without an autonomous collective subject, one cannot talk about Community Work comunitaria. The action or actions that professionals
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