Historical Restoration in 19th-Century Italian Architecture
During the nineteenth century, Italian architects and theorists reacted against the school and English school *Violletiana*, proposing conservation while seeking to differentiate between the old and the new when intervention was inevitable. Following this debate, two main trends emerged: historical restoration and modern restoration, led by Luca Beltrami and Camilo Boito. Both approaches developed within the Milanese context.
Luca Beltrami and the Sforza Castle
Luca Beltrami applied his theories of
Read MoreUnderstanding Society: From Ancient Philosophies to Modern Governance
Introduction
According to Aristotle, man is a political animal, inherently sociable.
Rationale
Similar to Plato’s view, individuals cannot survive solely on their own and must rely on others.
Philosophical Perspectives
Rousseau
Rousseau argued that man is good by nature, but society corrupts him.
Hobbes
Hobbes, an English empiricist, believed that man is inherently bad, selfish, and prone to war.
Grass
Grass posited that no society exists without organization, and every society has a different way of organizing
Read MoreSociobiology, Culture, and Human Behavior: An Analysis
Sociobiology: Nature and Culture
Wilson’s work synthesizes the study of animal societies. Controversy arose from the application of sociobiology to human sociology, specifically the study of natural or genetic factors influencing human social behavior. Critics argued that this approach failed to adequately consider the cultural dimensions of human societies. Wilson emphasizes the interplay between nature and culture, asserting that culture cannot exist without a biological foundation.
Relationships:
Read MoreUnderstanding Cultural Differences: Insights and Examples
Understanding Cultural Differences
So what about this definition of culture…? This definition may, after all, be correct. Life is complex, and our lives have many facets, depending on the situation we’re in. It’s very hard to know what your values are, the way they’ve been defined here. Values are transferred, especially by parents, not so much by what they say but by how they behave in crucial situations.
Values only become real in comparison. So, if you’re not put in a situation where
Read MoreDemocracy: Principles, Institutions, and Systems
Democracy
Democracy, in the etymological definition of the word, means “of the people” or “for the people.” Citizens should be involved in decisions concerning government and laws.
Democracy is a system of government where power is shared, human rights are protected, everyone is treated equally, and citizens have free and fair elections. That means that people (usually over 18) can vote or give their opinion to decide the politics of the country.
Characteristics of Democracy
- Usually, the president is
Understanding Severe Disabilities and Special Education
Understanding Severe Disabilities
What are severe disabilities in children?
Children with severe disabilities are those who, because of the intensity of their physical, mental, or emotional problems (or a combination thereof), need educational, social, psychological, and medical services beyond those traditionally offered by regular or special education programs.
What behaviors are commonly seen in children with severe disabilities?
- Little or no communication
- Delays in physical and motor development
- Frequent