Understanding Electoral Fragmentation in Belgium’s Politics
Another factor contributing to increased electoral fragmentation from the seventies was the split of the traditional parties (adaptation to the institutional development). In 1968 came the formal breakup of the Social Christian Party into CVP in Flanders and PSC in Wallonia. In 1961, the Liberal Party became the Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress with a defense program of the liberal market. In 1971, the Liberal Party split into two: the speaking section (Liberal Reform Party) and the Flemish
Read MoreInternational and Local Roles in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding
International and Local Roles in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding
In the aftermath of violent conflict, both international and local actors play crucial roles in peacebuilding processes. International actors, such as donors, international organizations, and NGOs, often provide financial and logistical support, technical expertise, and diplomatic leverage to facilitate peace negotiations, promote reconciliation, and rebuild war-torn societies.
Donors contribute funds for humanitarian aid, reconstruction
Welfare State: Social Rights & Economic Growth
The Welfare State and Economic Intervention
This technique does not always work properly because it is not compulsory and thus, contradictory to the free market view. Another instrument is nationalization, which means public ownership and management of basic industries. This meant that such industries had to avoid competition and the profit motive and make better use of resources. All countries carried out nationalization of these sectors and others, such as atomic research. Resources that are natural
Read MoreUS Foreign Policy: Influences and Key Actors
Characteristics of Public Discourse on Immigration
Brader’s reading highlights three key characteristics of the public discourse on immigration in America:
- Emphasis on costs and benefits: Group images trigger emotional reactions, influencing attitudes and behavior.
- Ethnic identity cues: Images of Hispanic immigrants, for example, may signal more than ethnicity.
- Portrayal of immigrants as low- or high-skilled workers: The popular image of immigrants is often based on the stereotype of low-skilled Hispanic
Modern Literary Criticism: A Historical Account
Modern Literary Criticism
A Historical Perspective
At the end of the 19th century, literature underwent a transformation, leading to the development of contemporary literary theories. Modernist and Symbolist poets spearheaded this change. Edgar Allan Poe’s *Philosophy of Composition* exemplifies this anti-Romantic shift, viewing literature as a craft rather than solely a product of genius. This era is characterized by autoreflexivity—literature reflecting on its own nature.
Unlike Impressionist
Read MoreTextual Properties and Romance Languages: Key Concepts
Text and Properties
Linguistic competence refers to knowing the rules for building sentences. Communicative competence is the knowledge of strategies for constructing texts. A written communication unit meets a specific intention. The goal is to convince and drive full communication. It is announced in a context and has a structure.
Textual Properties
- Suitability: The message adapts to the intention and situation, considering different factors:
- Recipient (header)
- Situation (context item)
- Item (that is)