Karl Marx: Historical Materialism, Class Struggle, and Alienation
Karl Marx: Historical and Sociocultural Framework
Karl Marx: It was a time of major political, social, economic, and scientific revolutions (stemming from the Industrial Revolution). Society stratified by classes replaced the aristocracy. These classes differed in socioeconomic status, based on whether or not they possessed the means of production. Social classes included the bourgeoisie and proletariat, with the aristocracy and peasantry in dispute. The proletariat began a movement of reaction (
Read MoreGlobalization, Justice, Ethics, and Human Rights
Global World
Economic Globalization
Economic globalization refers to the increasing internationalization of markets and businesses in recent years, driven by the expansion of capitalism. Globalization of communications, through technological development and new communication media, has effectively created a “global village.” Globalization, as an economic process, has fostered transnational relations, leading to the emergence of a global society.
Characteristics of Globalization
- Uniformity: Lifestyles,
Understanding Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice & Communitarianism
Michael Walzer and Spheres of Justice
Communitarianism
Inspired by the “paradigm of the community,” communitarianism questions the foundations of the liberal universalist project. It posits that individuals are shaped by their history and social context, unlike the abstract, transcendental subject often assumed in liberal thought. Liberalism acknowledges the difficulty of providing a universal ethical justification, prioritizing justice over virtue.
Purpose of Justice in the Liberal Tradition
The liberal
Read MoreUnderstanding Socialization: Stages, Agents, and Groups
Understanding the Socialization Process
The socialization process is the means by which humans become integrated into society from birth. This occurs initially through family, then school, friends, and later through affiliations with formal and informal groups. It’s the psychological process by which an individual becomes part of a culture.
Culture is understood as a relatively integrated system of ideas, values, attitudes, ethics, and lifestyles, exhibiting stability within a society. Culture influences
Read More19th Century Labor Movement: Origins and Evolution
The Labor Movement in the 19th Century
In the 19th century, many people worked in jobs with poor conditions, often enduring long hours, such as six and a half days per week. A key aspiration of the working class was to improve these appalling conditions, particularly fighting for an eight-hour workday and abolishing child labor. This history is often overlooked in American history. The Labor Movement in the United States began almost alongside industry itself, initially resembling guilds. However,
Read MoreStructural and Social Uses of Discourse Analysis
If the informal use of discourse analysis is essentially the time in which the discourse takes to count words, the essential structural use is the permanence or invariance combining relational logic and gives meaning to words and/or propositions put together in speech.
The main idea of structural use of discourse analysis is to know the code or set of relational rules mandating any text. Collect synthetically different languages from which subjects express ourselves through objects:
- System (Elements