Semantic Relationships: Meaning in Language
Denotation and Connotation
Denotation is the objective meaning of a word, while connotation is the meaning developed over time. Connotations can be cultural and/or subjective.
Meaning and Sense
The meaning of a word is determined by the linguistic context and the communicative situation.
Context and Situation
The linguistic context of a word is affected by the following factors:
- The set of words that surround the discourse.
- The syntactic relationship that links the terms of a statement.
- The relationship
Bizkaia Miners’ Struggle & 1890 Strike
Bizkaia Miners’ Struggle and the 1890 Strike
Source Text Analysis (1896)
Type: Primary source. Regarding the form: article/propaganda text + narrative. Content: Socio-political text.
Author: Socialists, published in their bulletin “La Lucha de Clases” (The Class Struggle) by socialist committees of Bilbao, Gallarta, and La Arboleda (inspired by Facundo Perezagua).
Addressed to: Workers of Bizkaia (miners), but also the Government. Public text.
Objective: To denounce the working conditions of miners and
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Nation and State: Key Concepts
Nation: A group of people united by material and spiritual ties (shared culture, ethnicity, or religion). It evolves into a political society to establish an organization (laws and authorities) with common goals. Most nations have achieved this through state organization.
State: A politically organized group of people within a defined territory, united under a single authority and common goals that bind them together.
Elements of the State: Territory, rule of law, sovereignty,
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Social Anthropology: The Study of Humanity
Social anthropology is the science that focuses on the study of human beings, dealing with how people live in society, their language, culture, and customs.
Harris’s work focuses on investigating the different lifestyles of non-Western cultures, examining the influence of modernization. He objectively analyzes real-world phenomena, attempting to solve puzzles and explain seemingly inexplicable phenomena. Fieldwork helps Harris describe and explain these phenomena,
Read MoreSpain’s Economic Evolution: Industrialization and Social Modernization
Dependence on External Factors
The contribution of external factors was crucial to the rapid growth of this phase and the consolidation of industrialized society. Technology imports revolutionized the industrial structure, alongside heavy investments and transfers. Several European countries absorbed surplus labor from agriculture. The European welfare movement generated significant tourism, with Spain as a preferred destination. Currency contributed to the influx of tourists.
Without income from
Read MoreE.P. Thompson and the Making of the English Working Class
E.P. Thompson and the Working Class
E.P. Thompson, a prominent Marxist historian, significantly impacted cultural studies with his book, The Making of the English Working Class (1963). He traced the formation of the working class between 1780 and 1832, exploring their common interests, experiences, and struggles.
Defining the Working Class: A Struggle for Identity
Thompson, like Hoggart, addressed the definition of the working class. He argued that the working class is the product of active struggle,
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