Industrial Society: Classes, Urbanization, and Movements
Industrial Society in the 19th Century
Industrial society, a society divided into classes, emerged with industrial workers. The abandonment of the countryside caused changes that affected traditions and the ties that bound families, leading to a new system of family life, employment, and social relations. This especially affected women.
Class Society
Class society was established after a long process, parallel to industrialization and the spread of liberal ideology. It brought legal equality but created
Read MoreSpanish Educational Administration Structure
1. Central Administration
Also known as Admón. Central, this body oversees the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC). Traditionally structured into directorates-general, decentralization has streamlined the Ministry into two departments:
Secretary of State of Education: Manages non-academic education.
Secretary of State of Universities and Research: Oversees university-level education and research activities.
2. Peripheral Administration
The primary peripheral body is the High Inspectorate (Articles
Read MoreSpanish Realism and Naturalism: Society and Literature
4. Realism and Naturalism in Spain
4.1. Society
a) Time lag between population growth and economic development: while the population grows rapidly, industrialization only occurs in the Basque Country and Catalonia; the rest remains agricultural and semi-feudal. This is a pre-industrial nation.
b) The bourgeois liberal state is established, albeit with the threat of the Carlist civil wars and the weakness of the bourgeois class, which leads to political insecurity and military intervention in support
Understanding Cultural Anthropology: Second Birth, Laws, and Ethnocentrism
Why Humans Need a ‘Second Birth’
An example of the human transition from nature to society can be seen in the diverse rites by which human communities welcome a newborn in different cultures.
Such diversity suggests that the mere biological fact of birth is not enough to fully integrate an individual into society. A ‘second birth,’ a cultural one, is required to ensure that membership.
The same can be said about kinship structures being superimposed on biological relationships. The sociocultural notion
Read MoreUnderstanding the Economy: Principles and Dimensions
Economy
It must be based on freedom, security, equality, and justice for the distribution of wealth, which we call freedom. It is the science that studies human behavior as a relationship between objectives and resources applied. Buying leads to happiness as well as moving the economy, whose resources are scarce.
Economic Good
The main nature, many are drawn directly, but other human beings are manufactured from these. Then, the goods industry helps put them on the market soon. There’s a philosophical
Read MoreRealist and Naturalist Novel: Key Features
Philosophical Issues
Positivism
Positivism focuses on observable facts, setting aside speculative constructs inherent in idealism. Auguste Comte (1798-1857), in his Course of Positive Philosophy (1830-1842), emphasized observing phenomena and identifying the laws governing their behavior, rather than seeking ultimate causes.
Marxist Philosophy
The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels was published in 1848. In 1847, Marx began publishing Capital. Marxist philosophy aims not only to interpret the world
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