Socialization, Culture, and Society: Key Concepts
Socializing Agents
Primary socialization is crucial as it introduces individuals to society, involving the acquisition of habits, social norms, and behaviors. From birth, individuals are capable of receiving social and cultural forms from their environment. Socialization is the process of becoming a social being through agents like family, school, TV, and peers. Children internalize roles, attitudes, and values, shaping their identity. This internalization progresses from concrete to general, influenced
Read MorePedagogical Models and Educational Foundations
Model Constructivism
What was Vygotsky’s approach?
Language enables the development of thought.
In what way did Bruner agree with Piaget?
People advance their cognitive development through various stages.
What application did Ausubel have for meaningful learning in constructivist theory?
Teachers should organize content logically and deductively.
Cognitivism Pedagogical Model
Indicate the 5 Gestalt laws:
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Continuity
- Closure
- Background
Who develops strategies in the field of knowledge?
The learner
Read MorePeople and Organizations: Dynamics and Interactions
Chiavenato
People and Organizations
To overcome their personal limitations, people come together to form organizations aimed at achieving common goals. If they grow, organizations must include more people, who pursue different individual goals. This makes organizational objectives (production, profitability, cost reduction, market expansion, etc.) move away from the individual goals of the new entrants. The individual-organization relationship is not always cooperative and successful; it is often
Read MoreUnderstanding and Managing Conflict
Understanding Conflict
Conflict is a clash between differing positions within a person, between people, or between groups, states, and other communities. It’s a sign of growth, an opportunity for improvement, self-discovery, forgiveness, acceptance, and emotional and spiritual maturity.
Anatomy of a Conflict
- Differing opinions on problem-solving lead to detachment.
- Detachment leads to disagreements.
- Disagreements result in conflict.
Causes of Conflict
- Internal conflict (emotional)
- Unmet needs or desires
Chilean Education Evolution: 1810-1850
Chilean Education: 1810-1850
Camilo Henríquez proposed a 3-year primary education in Chile:
- First year: Basic literacy (reading and writing)
- Second year: Moral education alongside literacy
- Third year: Arithmetic, geometry, physics; students become monitors
Teachers oversaw three classrooms, maintaining discipline and monitoring tasks.
O’Higgins’ “falling drops” method (1823) was revived in 1828.
The 1822 Constitution mandated public education and the establishment of monasteries and schools.
Founding Fathers’
Read MoreKarl Marx: Historical, Sociocultural, and Philosophical Context
Historical Context
The Rise of Liberalism and Capitalism
Karl Marx was born in 1818, a period marked by the decline of absolute monarchies and stratified societies in Europe. Liberalism, as a political doctrine, gained traction among the bourgeoisie, leading to democratic parliamentary systems. This consolidation was fueled by revolutions throughout the 19th century, such as the 1830 revolution in Paris and the widespread revolutions of 1848. These revolutions, particularly the latter, stemmed from
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